Stress, Disorders & Suicide Flashcards
(187 cards)
1
Q
the event that creates the demands
A
stressor
2
Q
person’s reactions to the demands
A
stress response
3
Q
reactions to such stressors are influenced by the way we
A
- judge the events
- capacity to react effectively to them
4
Q
3 types of stressors
A
- physical
- emotional
- cognitive
5
Q
increase in stress is linked to developing
A
psych disorders
6
Q
arousal & fear are set in motion by the brain area called
A
hypothallamus
7
Q
hypothalamus activates 2 systems
A
- autonomic
- endocrine
8
Q
network of nerve fibers that connect the CNS to all organs of the body
A
ANS
9
Q
activity of organs in ANS include
A
- breathing
- heartbeat
- blood pressure
10
Q
system of glands throughout body that help control important activities: growth/sexual activity (hormones)
A
endocrine system
11
Q
endocrine system has 2 pathways
A
- sympathetic nervous system
- hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal system (HPA)
12
Q
nerve fibers of the ANS quicken the heartbeat & produce other changes with fear/anxiety/arousal
A
sympathetic nervous system
13
Q
route where the brain/body produce arousal/fear
A
HPA system
14
Q
helps return our heartbeat and other body processes back to normal
A
parasympathetic nervous system
15
Q
group of hormones released by adrenal glands at times of stress
A
corticosteroids
16
Q
person’s general level of arousal/anxiety
A
trait anxiety
17
Q
disorder in which fear and related symptoms are experienced soon after the event and last less than a month
A
acute stress disorder
18
Q
disorder in which fear and related symptoms continue to be experienced long after the event (over a month)
A
PTSD
19
Q
when an individual is exposed to actual or threatened to death, serious injury or sexual violation
A
traumatic event
20
Q
situations that can cause acute or PTSD
A
- combat
- rape
- natural disasters
21
Q
plays a major role in memory & regulation of body’s stress hormones
A
hippocampus
22
Q
helps control anxiety and emotional responses
A
amygdala
23
Q
disfxn of this ___ may lead to acute/PTSD
A
amygdala
24
Q
treatment in which clients move their eyes in a rhythmic manner while flooding their minds with situations they’d ordinarily avoid
A
EDMR (eye movement desensitization & reprocessing)
25
positive stress ex:promotion, dating, graduation
eustress
26
free-floating stress ex: watching the news
neustress
27
negative stress ex:pain, anxiety, sorrow
distress
28
arousal/fear is __ & ___ to the body
wear and tear
29
ppl want ___ and without it, stress is caused
control
30
this pathway speeds you up
sympathetic
31
this pathway drags you down
parasympathetic
32
master of control center
hypothalamus
33
this produces adrenaline & cortisol
endocrine
34
prepares us for response for danger
fight/flight
35
high anxiety for long periods of time can cause
- migraines
- exhaustion
- stomach ulcers
- no patience
36
perception of your world
state anxiety
37
what % of acute cases develop into PTSD?
80%
38
symptoms of acute/PTSD are similar, what are they?
- isolation/avoidance
- ^ arousal, tension, anxiety
- depressed feelings
- flashbacks
39
ppl that cope better with stress, roll with the punches
hardiness
40
of cases of PTSD improve within 6 months
1/2
41
try to catch it before it happens, preparation
stress enoculation
42
life changes cause ____ and you get more stressed the ___ you get
stress, older
43
victims talk extensively about their feelings/reactions within days of the incident
psych debreifing
44
melatonin helps
insomnia
45
high blood pressure
hypertension
46
this type of personality is driven, competitive, dependable,sarcastic, perfectionist, time pressured
type A
47
this personality is relaxed, "Hawaiian time",
type B
48
develops slowly overtime, wearing on the body,
stress burnout
49
the amount of life stressors, ___ illness
increase ^
50
treatment where one is connected to machine that gives readings about involuntary bodily fxns/influences
biofeedback
51
positive self talk about what's ailing you
cognitive interventions
52
soma
body
53
rare disorders that are linked to severe stress/trauma
somatic and dissociative disorder
54
physical symptoms/complaints that are psychologically induced; masked as physical probs
somatoform disorder
55
memory loss/identity as a way to escape from stress
dissociative disorder
56
physical illnesses are caused by an interaction of
psychosocial and physical factors
57
psychophysiological disorders were
- asthma
- ulcers
- coronary heart disease
- ^ blood pressure
58
white blood cells that circulate through the lymph system and attack invaders (bacteria)
lymphocytes
59
stress can interfere with ___ causing a person's susceptibility to viral/bacteria infections
lymphocytes
60
the immune system is the body's network of activities of cells that identify and destroy antigens & cancer cells
psychoneuroimmunology
61
psychoneuroimmunology can have changes in
- biochemical activity
- behavioral changes
- personality style
- support systems
62
treatments for physical disorders
- meditation
- biofeedback
- hypnosis
- support groups
63
DSM 5 lists 4 somatic symptom & dissociative disorders
- facticious
- conversion
- somatic symptom
- illness anxiety disorder
64
aka Munchausen syndrome, extreme, long term
facticious disorder
65
ppl who like to be sick and to go extreme measures to appear they have an illness, attention seeking
facticious disorder
66
this disorder is most common for ppl who have a grudge against medical professions
facticious disorder
67
when a mother makes her kids sick
by proxy
68
symptoms affecting sensory/voluntary motor fxn
conversion disorder
69
this disorder is most common in women, can become blind, deaf or paralyzed b/c of severe stressors
conversion disorder
70
concerns/anxiety about bodily illness/symptoms, unexplained physical symptoms, no faking the pain
somatic symptoms
71
large/varied # of symptoms
somatizations
72
experience of pain is primary problem
predominant
73
less dramatic than conversion disorder
somatic symptom
74
what are the causes for conversion/somatic disorders in the psychodynamic view?
the disorder runs them
75
guilt of not being able to perform certain tasks
primary gain
76
what are the causes in the cognitive view for conversion/somatic?
these are forms of communication & a means for ppl to express their difficult emotions
77
what are the causes for the behavioral view for conversion/somatic?
disorders bring rewards to sufferers
78
what are the causes for multicultural view for conversion/somatic?
Western disorder sees it as a weakness & an inferior way of dealing with emotions
79
How is conversion/somatic treated?
- psychotherapy
- CBT
- ERP (exposure/response therapy)
- hypnosis
- antidepressant meds
80
hypochondriac
illness anxiety disorder
81
preoccupied with fears of getting serious disease or that they have one
illness anxiety disorder
82
not faking means
malingering
83
they are sincere in their convictions,fear based and suffer from anxiety/depression
illness anxiety disorder
84
treatment for illness anxiety disorder
CBT
85
involves disruptions in a person's normally integated fxns of consciousness, identity, memory & perceptions
disociative disorders
86
there is no wholeness to the person
disocciative disorder
87
failure to recall previously stored personal info
disocciateive amnesia
88
forgotten time
amestic episode
89
this disorder doesn't result b/c of medical trauma
disociative amnesia
90
when a person departs from home, takes leave and sets off on a journey & forgets identity, associated with stress/anxiety
disociative fugue
91
develops 2+ distinct personalities, each with unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts/emotions
dissociative identity disorder (DID)
92
rare disorder, found in US & Canada
DID
93
other personalities
subs/alternates
94
carries the person's name and the personality you see the most of
host
95
personalities are always fighting for control
DID
96
3 kinds of personality relationships
- mutually amestic
- mutually cognizant
- one-way amnestic
97
no awareness of one personality to the next
mutually amnestic
98
each personality is well aware of the others
mutually cognizant
99
some personalities are aware of each other and some aren't
1 way amnestic
100
transition of personalities
switching
101
with this disorder, most cases are diagnosed in adulthood but the abuse happened in
childhood
102
one's sense of the reality of the outside world is temporarily lost ( dulled senses)
derealization
103
one is detached from one's body
depersonalitzation
104
what is the treatment for disociative amnesia/fugue?
- hypnosis
- psychodynamic
- drug therapy
105
this disorder occurs in adolescents and comes on suddenly but tends to last long
depersonalization
106
ppl fight off anxiety by unconsciously preventing painful memories, thoughts or impulses from reaching awareness
repression
107
treatment for DID
- drug therapy
- cognitive
- psychodynamice
- fusion of personalities
108
triggers for depersonalization-derealization
- extreme fatigue
- physical pain
- intense stress
- recovery from substance abuse
109
the most common and dangerous is mood disorders b/c there are more
suicides
110
low, sad state in which life seems dark and it's challenging and overwhelming
depression
111
breathless euphoria, frenzied energy
mania
112
when the person has no history of mania, mood returns to normal when depression lifts
unipolar depression
113
periods of mania that alternate with periods of depression
bipolar depression
114
in order to diagnose bipolar, you need __ episode of mania
1
115
person suffers from mania only, uncommon, natural high b/c of dopamine
unipolar mania
116
this brings severe long-lasting psychological pain that may intensify as time goes by
clinical depression
117
if someone is in a manic state, they need to be
hospitalize
118
women are __ more likely than men to experience unipolar depression
2x
119
___ % recover, from unipolar, some w/o treatment
80%
120
no history of mania
major depressive disorder
121
watered down individuals have disabling pattern of depression, no suicidal thoughts, just sad souls
dsythymic disorder
122
meds work on ppl who suffer from this and in order for diagnosis to occur it's 2 yrs
dsthymic disorder
123
women who repeatedly experience clinically significant depressive symptoms a week before their period
pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder
124
goes along with PTSD, 5 fxns need to be affected within the same 2 week period
disruptive mood disregulation disorder
125
5 fxns affected with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
- emotional
- motivational
- behavioral
- cognitively
- physically
126
insomnia is included in this disorder
depression
127
bio causes of unipolar depression
- genetics
- biochemical (neurotrans)
- immune system
128
treatment for unipolar
- antidepressant drugs
| - ECT
129
this treatment has MAO inhibitors (1st generation), tricyclists
antidepressant drugs
130
this treatment is 2nd generation, few side effects, no physical addictions/dietary constrictions
SSRIs
131
this controversial treatment contains 6-12 sessions with a 60-80% relief
ECT
132
when you spend too much time in your head
depression
133
depression is treated with
CBT
134
when clients think they're responsible & have no control,negative thinking
learned helplessness
135
Beck's Cognitive Model of Depression aka
Beck's Negative Triad
136
highs of mania
hyper-energy
137
this disorder is an emotional roller coaster with highs of mania and lows of depression, chronic illness that needs therapy
bipolar
138
when you are in this state, you have lack of sleep,poor judgement, loud, flamboyant, grandiose
manic state
139
full manic/major depressive episodes, has at least 1 manic state for diagnosis
bipolar 1
140
hypomanic episode, no history of manic episodes, have more control than full manic, sleepy,
bipolar 2
141
4 episodes of mania& depression every year
rapid cycling
142
this disorder has mild depression, affects 4% of the population, no middle ground, can become bipolar 1&2
cyclothymic disorder
143
this can last a week and it's when a person experiences dramatic rise in mood/activity
manic episode
144
low serotonin opens door to mood disorder/permits norepinephrine
permissive theory
145
low serotonin + low norepinephrine=
depression
146
low serotonin + high norepinephrine=
mania
147
these may be improperly transported through cells of individuals with bipolar
ions
148
old part of the brain, digestion, heartrate, pulse
cerebellum
149
internal clock
circadian rhythm
150
identical twins have a __ likelihood of getting bipolar
40%
151
treatments for bipolar
- lithium
| - psychotherapy with meds
152
a certain crime that if attempted, is punishable
suicide
153
1 of the leading causes of death in the world
suicide
154
1 million ppl die each year from this
suicide
155
____ppl have unsuccessful attempts
600,000
156
10th leading cause of death
suicide
157
2 popular sites to commit suicide
- San Francisco, Golden Gate Bridge
| - Japan, park
158
white older male is most at risk for this
suicide
159
suicide is between the ages of
45-54yrs old
160
death by suicide is more common in US compared to homicide
true
161
diagnosis for suicide is if they tried to kill themselves in the past __ yrs
2
162
intentional death, self-inflicted death, one makes conscious effort to end their life
suicide
163
intend to end their lives
death seekers
164
intend to end their lives b/c they believe the process is underway (old ppl)
death initiators
165
these ppl don't believe that their self-inflicted death will mean the end of their existence
death ignorers
166
have ambivalent feelings about death and shows in the act itself
death darers
167
self-harm w/o intention of suicide ex:cutting
non-suicidal self injury
168
suicide is related to ___ & ___
environment & marital status
169
White Americans & Native Americans are more prone to suicide
true
170
what triggers suicide?
- stressful events
- mood/thought changes
- alcohol/drug use
- modeling
171
in regards to suicide, women have more ____ & men ___
attempts, complete
172
long term stressors of suicide
- social isolation
- illness
- abusive enviorn.
- occupational stress
173
psychological pains seems intolerable to the person
psychache
174
suicide attempts are made b/c of
- shifts in pattern of thinking
- no control
- "only"
175
black/white narrow thinking
dichotomous
176
this % of ppl drink before attempting suicide
70%
177
suicide doesn't necessarily indicate presence of disorder
true
178
how attatched you are to groups of families, religion, the less likely to attempt
Durkheim
179
3 categories of suicide
- egoistic
- altruistic
- anomic
180
this type of suicide is committed by ppl who are isolative,alienated, non-religious, outcasts, no concern for society
egoistic
181
this type of suicide is committed by ppl who are well integrated and intentionally sacrificing their lives ex:9/11
altruistic
182
this type of suicide is committed by ppl who are let dow, disorganized, society is inadequate, no support, their life has no meaning
anomic
183
in the bio model, these certain levels are low and can contribute to aggression
serotonin
184
likelihood of suicide increase with
age
185
the elderly in ___society is more likely to commit suicide
Western
186
treatment after attempt of suicide
- 51/50
- medical care
- CBT
- psycho/drug therapy
- suicide prevention hotlines
187
cognitive model for unipolar depression has ___ support
considerable research support
