Stretching

Question 1

Ability to move through an unrestricted, painfree ROM

Answer 1

Flexibility

Question 2

3 subunits of flexibility

Answer 2

Extensibility
Arthrokin
Deformation

Question 3

Any therapeutic maneuver used to lengthen ST structures and inc ROM

Answer 3

Stretching

Question 4

4 fibers of soft tissue

Answer 4

Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin
Ground substance

Question 5

Reticulin’s soft tissue role

Answer 5

Provides bulk

Question 6

Ground substance’s soft tissue role

Answer 6

Reduces friction between fibers

Question 7

Describe elasticity and plasticity

Answer 7

E: ability to return to resting length
P: ability to assume a new and greater length

Question 8

What is the primary source of resistance to passive elongation of muscle?

Answer 8

The non-contractile components (fascia)

Question 9

What is a muscle’s mechanical response to stress?

Answer 9

Lengthening in the elastic component –> released and sarcomeres return to resting length

Question 10

Where is the GTO located?

Answer 10

At muscle-tendon junction

Question 11

Neuro response to quick stretch:

Muscle spindle triggers a ____________________

Answer 11

Monosynaptic stretch reflex

Question 12

Two results of quick stretch

Answer 12

1. Stimulation of alpha motor neurons

2. Contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers

Question 13

Neuro response to slow stretch

Answer 13

GTO fires and inhibits alpha motor neurons

Question 14

2 responses to slow stretch

Answer 14

Tension decreases

Sarcomeres and muscle lengthen

Question 15

3 mechanical properties of non-contractile tissue

Answer 15

1. Material strength
2. Stress
3. Strain

Question 16

Ability to resist load or stress

Answer 16

Material strength

Question 17

Force/unit area - internal reaction or resistance to external load

Answer 17

Stress

Question 18

Amount of deformation that occurs when a load is applied

Answer 18

Strain

Question 19

5 factors that affect stress-strain response

Answer 19

1. Immobilization
2. Age
3. Corticosteroids
4. Prior injury
5. Other conditions

Question 20

Weakening of tissue has what effect on collagen?

Answer 20

Collagen turnover - weak bonding

Question 21

Adhesion formation causes

Answer 21

Greater crosslinking and diminished effectiveness of ground substance

Question 22

3 things that dec with age

Answer 22

1. Max tensile strength
2. Elastin
3. Rate of adaptation to stress

Question 23

Lower intensity stretch =

Answer 23

Longer CT can be held in lengthened position

Question 24

Time for stretch to demonstrate improvement in flexibility

Answer 24

30 sec

Question 25

How many times a week does stretching NEED to occur?

Answer 25

2

Question 26

How can permanent stretch gains be acheived?

Answer 26

Maintaining program or using ROM in functional activities

Question 27

Stretching should be preceded by......

Answer 27

Low intensity exss or therapeutic heat

Question 28

4 factors to be controlled in passive stretching

Answer 28

Direction Intensity Duration Speed

Question 29

LLPS

Answer 29

Low load prolonged stretch

Question 30

Duration for LLPS

Answer 30

At least 20 min

Question 31

Amount of force needed for LLPS

Answer 31

10-15 lbs or 5-10% BW

Question 32

Ballistic stretching has a high potential for...

Answer 32

Rupturing weak structures, microtrauma

Question 33

Define cyclic(intermittent) stretching

Answer 33

Short-duration stretch applied slowly and gradually, released and reapplied for 5-10 sec

Question 34

PNF

Answer 34

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 35

4 PNF techniques

Answer 35

1. Hold relax 2. Contract relax 3. Agonist contraction 4. Hold relax-agonist contraction

Question 36

Explain hold relax (HR) PNF

Answer 36

End-range isometric contraction of muscle

Question 37

Hypothesis of HR: Contraction will cause muscle to relax thru....

Answer 37

Autogenic inhibition

Question 38

Contract relax

Answer 38

End-range isotonic contraction of muscle

Question 39

HR and CR are tolerated well, however what does the literature say about "reflexive relaxation"?

Answer 39

Inconsistently supported

Question 40

Agonist contraction

Answer 40

Isotonic contraction of the muscle opposite the tight muscle against resistance

Question 41

Hypothesis of AC: ______________ of the tight muscle

Answer 41

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 42

When is agonist contraction most and least effective?

Answer 42

Most: tight muscle is painful Least: pt has close to normal ROM

Question 43

HR-AC

Answer 43

Isometric contraction of tight muscle, followed by concentric contraction of muscle opposite the tight muscle