Stroke

Question 1

Tia?

Answer 1

-temporary impairment is brain function due to insufficient b.s

Question 2

Clot prevents blood flow to Brain

Answer 2

Ischaemic stroke

Question 3

Blood vessels become damaged - trauma or hypertension, aneurysm , vascular malformation,
These can all rupture!
Blood is prevented from reaching the brain cells beyond the point of rupture leading to hypoxia.
mass effect can damage tissue due to pressure

Answer 3

Intracerebral haemorrage

Question 4

Mass effect?:

Answer 4

raised Inter Cranial Pressure
resulting in a pushing over of brain tissue to one side

Question 5

A type of intracerebral haemorrhage: bleeding from a damaged vessel causes blood to accumulate in the subarachnoid space.

Answer 5

Sub arach haem
Can be due to aneurysm , trauma, a.v.m
Bleeding from a damaged vessel accumulates in sub arach space

Question 6

haem that often occurs in Circle of Willis
Thunder clap headache and photophobia

Answer 6

Sub arach haem

Question 7

Diffuse axonal injury?

Answer 7

Trauma only -complex

Question 8

Fast - stroke

Answer 8

Face, arms, speech, time and possible visual field defect

Question 9

Hemiparesis

Answer 9

One sided muscle weakness

Question 10

Ataxic gait?

Answer 10

Unsteady gait

Question 11

Dysarthria

Answer 11

’ Speech muscles motor defect

Question 12

Nice guidelines stroke

Answer 12

To reduce burden of disease, share knowledge , increase positive outcomes

Question 13

Why use Ct in stroke?

Answer 13

’ Inexpensive, widely available, fast, quick . results,

Question 14

Ill defined wedge of hypodensity
Affecting grey and white matter
Effacement of sulci+ ventricle
Midline shift from swelling-masseffect

Answer 14

Acute ischaemic infarct

Question 15

Chronic ischemic infarct appearance

Answer 15

Well-defined low attenuation - dark
CST has filled the space where tissue has died
Less tissue means expansion of ventricle
Grey + white matter

Question 16

Appearance of Acute intracerebal haemorrage

Answer 16

Hyper dense area surrounded by brain tissue
Possible rim of hypo dense oedema
Mass effect _ ventricle effacement + midline shift
Possible intraventricalor extension
Over time encephalomalacia appears as hypodense area

Question 17

A blood clot formed within a vessel and remaining attached to its place of origin

Answer 17

Thrombus

Question 18

A mass, such as an air bubble, detached blood clot, or foreign body, that travels in the bloodstream and lodges in a blood vessel, thus serving to obstruct or occlude such a vessel.

Answer 18

Embolus:

Question 19

: Shutting off or obstruction

Answer 19

Occlusion

Question 20

….occurs when the blood supply to the brain is disrupted, Either due to the occlusion or rupture of a blood vessel supplying or within the brain…called a ..

Answer 20

cerebral infarct/stroke/Cerebro Vascular Accident o

Question 21

the three stroke types are….

Answer 21

ischemic-clot occludes artery-80%
Intracerebral haem-bleeding into brain
Sub-Arach-bleeding around brain

Question 22

occurs when a blood clot forms in the brain’s venous sinuses.
This prevents blood from draining out of the brain.
As a result, blood cells may break and leak blood into the brain tissues, forming a hemorrhage.

Answer 22

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST)

Question 23

Vascular occlusion may be caused by

Answer 23

Thrombus
Embolism
General decrease in blood supply e.g. shock

Question 24

Trauma only strokes=

Answer 24

extradural, subdural, contusion, diffuse axonal injury

Question 25

Spontaneous AND trauma bleeds

Answer 25

sub arach, intracerebral

Question 26

Acute ishaemic infarcts appearance?

Answer 26

Acute HYPODENSE ill defined. Hypodensity of cell death!

Question 27

Chronic ischaemic infarct appearance?

Answer 27

WELL DEFINED hypo density of long dead cells And infiltration of CSF

Question 28

Less common acute intracerebral haemorrhage appearance ?

Answer 28

Intracerebral Acute hyperdense blood.