Stroke Flashcards
TACS =
large cortical stroke affecting the areas of the brain supplied by both the MIDDLE and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERIES
what 3 things need to be present to diagnose TACS?
- Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of the face, arm and leg
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)
PACS =
less severe form of TACS, in which only part of the anterior circulation has been compromised.
what 2 things need to be present to diagnose PACS?
- Unilateral weakness (and/or sensory deficit) of the face, arm and leg
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Higher cerebral dysfunction (dysphasia, visuospatial disorder)
*Higher cerebral dysfunction alone is also classified as PACS.
POCS =
involves damage to the area of the brain supplied by the posterior circulation (e.g. cerebellum and brainstem)
what are the 5 possible features of which 1 is needed to diagnose POCS?
- Cranial nerve palsy and a contralateral motor/sensory deficit
- Bilateral motor/sensory deficit
- Conjugate eye movement disorder (e.g. horizontal gaze palsy)
- Cerebellar dysfunction (e.g. vertigo, nystagmus, ataxia)
- Isolated homonymous hemianopia
LACS =
A lacunar stroke (LACS) is a subcortical stroke that occurs secondary to small vessel disease.
There is no loss of higher cerebral functions (e.g. dysphasia).
what are 4 possible features of which 1 is needed to diagnose LACS?
- Pure sensory stroke
- Pure motor stroke
- Sensori-motor stroke
- Ataxic hemiparesis
what are the two major categories of stroke?
ischaemic (87%)
haemorrhagic (13%)
what are the 4 causes of ischaemic stroke?
- Embolism (embolus from somewhere else goes to brain, AF)
- Thrombosis (blood clot forms within cerebrum)
- systemic hypoperfusion (eg cardiac arrest)
- cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (venous congestion causes tissue hypoxia)
what are the two types of haemorrhagic stroke?
intracerebral haemorrhage and subarachnoid haemorrhage
