Stroke

Question 1

What is a Cerebral Vascular Attack (CVA)?

Answer 1

sudden loss of neurological function caused by an interruption of the blood flow to the brain

Question 2

What are two types of strokes?

Answer 2

Ischemic

Hemorrhagic

Question 3

What is an ischemic stroke?

Answer 3

results when a blog clot blocks or impairs blood flow, depriving the brain of essential O2 and nutrients

Question 4

What is the most common type of stroke?

Answer 4

Ischemic

*80% of individuals with a stroke

Question 5

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 5

occurs when blood vessels rupture, causing leakage of blood in or around the brain

Question 6

What must occur for a stroke to be classified as a stroke?

Answer 6

Neurodeficit must persist for at least 24 hours

Question 7

What determines the severity of neurologic deficits in patients?

Answer 7

the location and extent of brain injury, the amount of collateral blood flow and early acute care management

Question 8

What is a thrombosis?

Answer 8

formation or presence of blood clot within the vascular system of brain

Question 9

What is an embolus?

Answer 9

Composed of bits of matter formed elsewhere that break loose and trail to arteries in the brain

Question 10

What is a hemorrhage?

Answer 10

bleeding in the brain

Question 11

How can strokes be categorized?

Answer 11

TIA
Minor stroke
Major stroke
Deteriorating stroke
Young stroke

Question 12

Stroke is the _____ leading cause of death in the us and is the _____ leading cause of disability in the US

Answer 12

4th, number one

Question 13

T/F women have lower age-adjusted stroke incidence than men

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Who have twice the risk of first-ever stroke compared to whites?

Answer 14

African Americans

Question 15

Higher incidence in who than whites?

Answer 15

Mexican americans, american indians, and Alaska natives

Question 16

T/F incidence for stroke increases as you age, triple after age of 65?

Answer 16

FALSE, double

Question 17

____% of strokes occur in individuals younger than 65 years old

Answer 17

28%

Question 18

Stroke accounts for __ of every 18 deaths in the US

Answer 18

1

Question 19

Which type of stroke accounts for the largest number of deaths each year?

Answer 19

hemorrhagic

Question 20

What are some other important factors in mortality with a stroke?

Answer 20

Loss of consciousness at stroke onset
Lesion Size
Persistent severe hemiplegia
Multiple neurologic deficits
History of previous stroke

Question 21

What is the major contributory factor in cerebrovascular disease?

Answer 21

Atherosclerosis

Question 22

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 22

Plaque formation with an accumulation of lipids, fibrin, complex carbs and calcium deposits on arterial walls that lead to progressive narrowing of blood vessels

Question 23

What is the most common sites of atherosclerotic plaque?

Answer 23

origin of the common carotid artery or at its transition into the middle cerebral artery

• main bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery
• junction of the vertebral arteries with the basilar artery

Question 24

Ischemic strokes are a result of?

Answer 24

thrombus
embolism
or conditions that produce low systemic perfusion pressures

Question 25

What is a cerebral thrombosis?

Answer 25

clot that is formed or developed within the cerebral arteries or their branches -resulting in tissue death

Question 26

What is cerebral embolus (CE)?

Answer 26

Composed of bits of matter (blood, clot plaque) formed elsewhere and released into the blood stream, traveling to the cerebral arteries where they lodge in the vessels producing occlusion and infarction

Question 27

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 27

abnormal bleeding into the extravascular areas of the brain

Question 28

How does a hemorrhagic stroke happen?

Answer 28

rupture of a cerebral vessel or trauma

Question 29

Wha does a hemorrhagic stroke cause?

Answer 29

increased intracranial pressures with injury to brain tissues and restriction of distal blood flow

Question 30

What is intracerebral hemorrhage? (IH)

Answer 30

caused by rupture of a cerebral vessel with bleeding into the brain *non-traumatic, usually occurs in small blood vessels weakened by atherosclerosis producing aneurysm

Question 31

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage? (SH)

Answer 31

occurs from bleeding into the subarachnoid space typically from a saccular or berry aneurysm affecting primarily large blood vessel *hemorrhage is closely linked to chronic hypertension

Question 32

What is arteriovenous malformation?(AVM)

Answer 32

congenital defect that can cause stroke. | -tangle of arteries and veins with agencies of an interposing capillary system

Question 33

What are some major risk factors of a stroke? (4)

Answer 33

-Hypertension BP140/90 -Heart disease (HD) -Disorders of heart rhythm Diabetes mellitus (DM)

Question 34

T/F elevated LDL and low levels of HDL cholesterol are a risk factor of strokes?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

_______ disorders increase the risk of embolic stroke?

Answer 35

cardiac

Question 36

_____ _______ is a powerful risk factor and has a five fold increased risk for stroke

Answer 36

Atrial fibrillation

Question 37

T/F sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for stroke, doubling the risk of stroke or death

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

What are some risk factors for women?

Answer 38

early menopause (before 42) have twice the risk of ischemic stroke use of estrogen increase ischemic stroke pregnancy, birth and the first 6 weeks postpartum

Question 39

What are some modifiable risk factors?

Answer 39

Smoking Physical inactivity Obesity Diet

Question 40

What does FAST stand for?

Answer 40

Face dropping Arm weakness Speech difficulty Time to call 911

Question 41

When can a tPA be used?

Answer 41

effective within 3 hours of onset of symptoms | ***CANT be given with a hemorrhagic stroke