Stroke, TBI and Dementia Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the names of the two types of stroke
Ischaemic - blot clot
Haemorrhagic - burst blood vessel
What are the stroke classifications and their percentage of decreased after 1 year
Total anterior circulation infarct (TACI) - 96%
Partial anterior circulation infarct (PACI) - 45%
Lucunar infarct (LACI) - 40%
Posterior circulation infarct (POCI) - 38%
Where does the TACI affect
entire anterior circulation on one side of brain
Symptoms of TACI
A new higher order dysfunction like aphasia
Visual field deficit
Ipsilateral motor or sensory deficit (weakness) to face arms or leg
Where does PACI affect
A portion of the anterior circulation on one side of brain
Symptoms of PACI
New higher order dysfunction like aphaisa
Motor/sensory deficit
where does POCI affect
posterior circulation supply on one side of brain
Symptoms of POCI
Ipsilateral cranial nerve palsy
bilateral motor/sensory deficit
cerebellar dysfunction - problems with coordination + movement
Where does LACI affect
Circulation to deeper brain structures
What can LACI result in
Pure motor stroke
pure sensory stroke
sensory-motor stroke
What is a focal TBI caused by
external force causing compression on tissue under skull at the site of impact (coup) or of the tissue opposite (contre-coup)
What is a diffuse TBI caused by
Rapid acceleration and deceleration of the head - damages axons
What are the names of the 2 types of TBI
Focal
Diffuse
How is the severity of TBI measured
Glasgow Coma Scale - lower number more severe
What are the names of degenerative dementias
Alzheimers
Frontotemporal
Lewy Body
Huntingtons
What are the names of the vascular dementias
Vascular Dementia
Describe dementia of the alzhiemers type (DAT)
causes and triggers
Most common form
Loss of neurotransmitters (Acetyl Choline)
Triggers are unclear but could be genetic, lifestyle, diet
Describe vascular dementia
causes and risks
Cause: multiple infarcts or strokes
Risks: high blood pressure and cholesterol, heart problems
Decline is step-wise
Describe main symptoms of Dementia with lewy Bodies (DLB)
Hallucinations
Fluctuations in cognitive impairment
Falls/syncope
Describe Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)
common, affected area, variants, progression, symptoms
2nd most common in under 65s
Progressive atrophy of frontal or temporal lobes
Has a behavioural variant that shares symptoms with psychiatric disorder
Insidious onset and slow progression
Key symptom is emotional blunting - not responding to emotional stimuli
