Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHA 324 > Strongyloidiasis > Flashcards

Strongyloidiasis Flashcards

1
Q

Strongyloidiasis is a zoonotic disease. True or false?

A

True, but it is also a human parasitic disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Strongyloidiasis is caused by

A

nematode, S. Stercoralis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Strongloides has one life cycle. True or false?

A

False. It has two unique ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

In which condition would you see a life cycle similar in Strongyloidiasis

A

Larva migrans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do people contact Strongyloidiasis?

A

By by direct contact with contaminated soil and recreational activities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Strongyloides is an intestinal worm. True or false?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Strongyloides larva are coughed up from the lungs and swallowed. Which other organism reaches the GIT this way?

A

Hookworm (Ancylostoma and Necator)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical presentation of acute Strongyloidiasis

A

Lower extremity itching (mild erythematous maculopapular rash at the site of skin penetration)
Cough, dyspnea, wheezing
Low-grade fevers
Epigastric discomfort, n/v/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical features of severe strongyloidiasis

A

Can be abrupt or insidious in onset
N/v/d, severe abdominal pain, distention
Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, wheezing, crackles
Stiff neck, headache, MS changes
If CNS involved
Fever/chills
Hematemesis, hematochezia
Rash (petechiae, purpura) over the trunk and proximal extremities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Risk factors for severe strongyloidiasis infection

A

Immunosuppressant meds (steroids, chemo, TNF modulators, tacro, etc – all BUT cyclosporine)
Malignancy
Malabsorptive state
ESRD
DM
Advanced age
HIV
HTLV1
Etoh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The strongyloidiasis rash is caused by

A

Caused by dermal blood vessel disruption brought on by massive migration of larvae within the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of Hyperinfection Syndrome

A
  • Acceleration of the normal life cycle, causing excessive worm burden
  • Autoinfection (turn into infective filariform larva within the lumen
  • Spread of larvae outside the usual migration pattern of GI tract and lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Features of Disseminated strongyloidiasis

A
  • Widespread dissemination of larvae to extraintestinal organs: CNS (meningitis), heart, urinary tract, bacteremia, etc
  • Can be complicated by translocation of enteric bacteria which travel on the larvae themselves or via intestinal ulcers
  • Due to delayed diagnosis, immunocompromised state of the host at this point
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Strongyloidiasis diagnosis

A

Stool exam
ELISA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Strongyloidiasis treatment

A

Antihelminitic therapy:
Ivermectin
Albendazole
Thiabendazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other names for Yaws

A

Bouba
frambosie
Frambesia tropica
parangi
pian
polypapilloma tropicum
thymosis

17
Q

Yaws is caused by

A

The spirochete bacterium, Treponema pallidum pertenue.

18
Q

Other related treponemal diseases are

A

bejel (Treponema pallidum endemicum)
pinta (Treponema pallidum carateum)
syphilis (Treponema pallidum pallidum)

19
Q

Early Yaws symptoms (3-6months)

A
  • Hard swelling of the skin which may break open and form an ulcer
  • Yaw nodules (mother yaws) which may enlarge and become warty in appearance
  • This initial skin lesion typically heals after three to six months.
20
Q

Late Yaws symptoms (6 months - 5 years)

A
  • Painful joints/bones
  • Fatigue
  • New skin lesions (crab yaws)
  • Deformed bone and cartilage of the nose (rhinopharyngitis mutilans or “gangosa”)
  • Formation of large thick areas of skin death with subsequent scarring.
21
Q

Yaws transmission

A

Skin-to-skin lesion

22
Q

Yaws treatment

A

Azithromycin
Penicillin

23
Q

Azithromycin MOA

A

It interferes with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosome and inhibiting translation of mRNA.

24
Q

Adverse effects effects of Azithromycin

A

Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea
Hepatic failure
Cholestatic jaundice.

25
Q

Benzathine Penicillin MOA

A

Penicillins interfere with bacteria cell wall synthesis by attaching to the penicillins-binding-proteins and inhibiting the transpeptidation enzyme (transpeptidase) that crosslinks the peptide chains attached to the backbone of the peptidoglycan

26
Q

Common Penicillin adverse effects

A

Common => hypersensitivity reactions characterized by skin rashes
Fever
Angioedema
Serum sickness
Anaphylaxis.

27
Q

Rare penicillin adverse effects

A

Convulsions

PHA 324 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions