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CMA 101 MOD 3b: Organizational structure of the body > Structional Organization > Flashcards

Structional Organization Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Cells

A

Smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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2
Q

Tissues

A

Comprised of groups of similar cells that perform specialized or common functions

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3
Q

Organs

A

Made up of tissues arranged together to perform a particular function

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4
Q

Systems

A

The organization of various organs so they can perform the many functions of the body as a whole

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

Outer, semipermeable barrier that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Sphere-like organelle within the cell, surrounded by a bilayer membrane that protects the structures within: nucleolus, nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and ribosomes

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7
Q

Chromosomes

A

Thread-like structures in the nucleus that control growth, repair, function, and reproduction

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8
Q

Cytoplasm

A

–Contains structures that consume and transform energy and perform the cell’s functions –Structures include: mitochondria (cell respiration and energy), lysosomes (degrade enzymes), ribosomes (synthesis proteins), golgi complex (secretion and intracellular transport), smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (involved in protein and lipid synthesis)

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9
Q

Cyto

A

combining form for cell

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10
Q

-cyte

A

suffix for cell; smallest structural units of all living things

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11
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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12
Q

cytologist

A

one who studies cells

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13
Q

cytometer

A

instrument used to count cells

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14
Q

cytometry

A

process of counting cells

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15
Q

cytotechnologist

A

technician who prepares slides

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16
Q

hist/o

A

Combining form for tissue

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17
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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18
Q

histologist

A

one who studies tissues

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19
Q

histoblast

A

embryonic tissue cell

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20
Q

histoid

A

resembling tissue

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21
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

–Covers the internal and external organs of the body

–Lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs

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22
Q

Where is Epithelial Tissue Found

A
  • Found in glands, ducts, and portions of the kidney tubules
  • Found in the lining of the intestine and gallbladder
  • Form the lining of cavities such as the mouth, blood vessels, and lungs
  • Make up the skin surface and lining of the mouth, through the esophagus
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23
Q

Connective Tissue

A
  • –Supports and binds other body tissue and parts
  • –Connective tissue consists of:
  • liquid (blood)
  • fats (lipids)
  • fibrous (tendons and ligaments)
  • cartilage (flexible elastic tissue)
  • Solid (bone)
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24
Q

Three types of muscle tissue combing forms

A
  • Skeletal muscle = rhabd/o/myo
  • Smooth muscle = lei/o/myo
  • Cardiac muscle = cardi/o/myo
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25
The 3 types of muscle tissue
26
Describe skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle allows movement by being attached to bones in the body; voluntary
27
Describe cardiac muscle
Cardiac (heart) muscle facilitates the heart beat by transmitting signals to adjoining cells; involuntary
28
Describe smooth muscle
Smooth muscle that is commonly found in the digestive tract and in the walls of blood vessels; involuntary
29
Nervous tissue
* Functional unit is the Neuron * Transmits impulses throughout the body * Activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
30
What does nerve tissue do
Nerve tissue responds to changes in the environment and conducts impulses to various organs in the body to respond to these changes
31
The neuron
The Neuron is the functional unit of nerve tissue that carry electrical impulses
32
Name the 3 types of nerve cells
There are 3 main types of nerve cells: * Sensory neurons (eyes, nose, ears, etc) * Motor neurons (muscles and glands) * Interneurons (connect sensory neurons to motor neurons)
33
34
**What are organs?**
* **Tissues arranged together to perform a specific function** * **Examples: heart, lungs, liver, and gallbladder**
35
Body systems
A set of body organs that works together for a common purpose
36
Integumentary system
largest organ of the body; protects internal structures of the body from damage, prevents dehydration, stores fat, and produces vitamins and hormones; it also helps to maintain homeostasis within the body by assisting in the regulation of body temperature and water balance; it is the bodies first line of defense against disease
37
Digestive system
Is made up of the mouth (oral cavity, pharynx), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), rectum, and anus; a group of organs working together to convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body
38
Respiratory system
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Furnishes oxygen, removes carbon dioxide (respiration)
39
Cardiovascular system
heart and blood vessels; blood pumped and circulated through the body
40
Lymphatic System
Part of the circulatory system; vital part of the immune system; network of lymphatic vessels that carry lymph directionally toward the heart
41
Nervous system
consists of two main divisions (Central and Peripheral); the three main components are the brain, spinal cord, and nerves
42
Urinary System
Kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra; involved in the formation and voidance of urine; hemodynamic homeostasis
43
Reproductive system
Male and female organs involved with reproduction
44
Musculoskeletal system
All bones, cartilage, muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments in the body
45
Eyes and ears
Vision and audiology; structures and function
46
Endocrine system
Ductless glands and other structures that produce hormones and release them directly into the circulatory system
47
Hematology (hemat/o = blood) Name 3 examples and what they are
* hematology = study of blood * hematologist = one who studies blood * hematopathy = disease of blood
48
Blood Conditions -emia = blood condtion Name 4 examples of blood conditions
* anemia = lack of blood * xanthemia = excess carotene in blood * Yellow * erythremia = abnormally red blood * chloremia = increased chlorine in blood * Green
49
what does RBC stand for?
Red Blood Cells
50
What is the abreviation of erythrocyte
RBC
51
Name and discribe 4 RBC conditions
1. erythrocytopenia = decrease in or lack of RBCs * penia = a condition of decreasing activity 2. erythroblast = immature RBC 3. erythrocytosis = high numbers of erythrocytes 4. erythremia = abnormally red blood due to too many erythrocytes
52
What does WBC stand for?
White Blood Cells
53
Leukocyte means?
WBC
54
Name 3 types of WBC conditions
1. leukocytopenia = decrease in or lack of WBCs 2. leukemia = condition of WBCs * Blood cancer 3. leukocytosis = increase in WBCs
55
Blood-Clotting Cells are also called what?
thrombocyte also known as platelet
56
Give two examples of Blood-clotting cells
1. thrombocytosis = increase in number of thrombocytes 2. thrombocytopenia = abnormal decrease in number of thrombocytes
57
Cells of the blood Name all 5 **N**ever **L**et **M**onkeys **E**at **B**ananas!
**N** – Neutrophils - 40% to 60% **L** – Lymphocytes - 20% to 40% **M** – Monocytes - 2% to 8% **E** – Eosinophils - 1% to 4% **B** – Basophils - 0.5% to 1%
58
Blood Types
59
Blood cells that have antigens on them that are not recognized by the body will be attacked by your immune system. O is the universal donor because a person with this type of blood does not have antigens on the surface of the blood cells – hence will not cause an immune reaction. AB is the universal acceptor because this person will not have an immune reaction to A, B, AB, or O. Antigens on the surface of your cells (or donated cells) will cause a reaction if your immune system does not recognize them as being part of you. If you are type A, and transfused with type B, your body will mobilize a massive immune response against the invading blood, causing coagulation of blood and death
60
Sanguineous
Sanguin/o
61
Consanguinity
Condition of having blood relationship * Common ancestor
62
Sanguineous
Bloody
63
Exsanguination
draining blood
64
Blood Tests
* hemoglobin = protein pigment in RBCs that carries oxygen and carbon dioxide * hemoglobin blood test (HGB) = measurement to detect anemia * Normal average for women: * 12 to 14 grams * hematocrit = measures percent of formed elements compared to total volume of blood * Formed elements •Blood cells * Normal average range: •36 to 45 percent

CMA 101 MOD 3b: Organizational structure of the body (1 decks)

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