Structural Abnormalities and growth

Question 1

What is coarctation of the aorta?

Answer 1

narrowing of the descending aorta, often leading to obstruction of blood flow.

More common in males.

Question 2

Coarctation of the aorta is associated with which all syndromes.

Answer 2

Turner’s syndrome
bicuspid aortic valve
berry aneurysms
neurofibromatosis

Question 3

Features of Coarctation of the aorta

Answer 3

infancy: heart failure
adult: hypertension
radio-femoral delay
mid systolic murmur, maximal over the back
apical click from the aortic valve
notching of the inferior border of the ribs (due to collateral vessels) is not seen in young children

Question 4

What is the most common primary cardiac tumor?

Answer 4

Atrial myxoma

Question 5

What is the gender prevalence of atrial myxomas?

Answer 5

more common in females.

Question 6

What are the common systemic features of atrial myxoma?

Answer 6

Dyspnoea
Fatigue
Weight loss
Pyrexia of unknown origin
Clubbing

Question 7

What are the complications related to atrial myxoma?

Answer 7

Emboli
Atrial fibrillation

Question 8

What is a characteristic physical finding in atrial myxoma?

Answer 8

A mid-diastolic murmur, known as the “tumor plop,” is a characteristic finding.

Question 9

What does an echocardiogram typically show in atrial myxoma?

Answer 9

a pedunculated, heterogeneous mass, usually attached to the fossa ovalis region of the interatrial septum.