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Structural Collapse Flashcards

(107 cards)

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1
Q

What is the single most important function for a proper and effective response to structural collapse incidents?

A

Planning

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2
Q

What 2 key injuries does PPE protect?

A
  1. lung injuries from dust
  2. hearing damage from noises
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3
Q

Caring for or doing maintenance on assigned PPE is in accordance to what?

A

Per manufacturers specifications

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4
Q

What are the type of gloves used for collapse structure operations?

A

Leather work gloves

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5
Q

What two key factors pertain to foot protection?

A

Steal toed and steel shank

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6
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, what is required during operations?

A

safety goggles and glasses

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7
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, ANSI Z87 for oxyacetylene or gasoline-fueled cutting operations, eye protection with a shade rating of (what) is required?

A

3.0

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8
Q

Concerning face and eye protection, ANSI Z87 requires exothermic devices to have a shade rating of (what) for cutting operations.

A

5.0

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9
Q

Consider safety considerations, what does LACES stand for?

A

Lookouts
Awareness
Communications
Escape Routes
Safe Zones

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10
Q

Consider rescue team hydration, each team member should consume at least how many ounces of water?

A

8 to 12 ounces

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11
Q

Consider rescue team rotation. Rotate teams on a regular basis– on heavy work periods some teams need to rotate how often?

A

Every 15-30 min

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12
Q

Consider personal hygiene, what type of liquids and food can civilian couterpats only eat?

A

Only properly prepared and stored liquids and food.

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13
Q

Consider rescue team rotation. It is important to provide rescuers in the rehabilitation area with what three needs?

A
  1. Shelter
  2. Rest
  3. Food & Drink
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14
Q

Considering Command resources, what are considered subject matter experts?

A

Structural Engineers
Mechanical engineers
and Heavy equipment operators

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15
Q

What are the five phases in the response to a structural collapse incident? (ASSSG)

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Surface victim removal
  3. Search all accessible areas
  4. Selected debris removal
  5. General debris removal
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16
Q

What are the technical references for the operations/ command post area?

A

ERG, SOG, FOG, blue prints, and unit SOP

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17
Q

What are three key important factors of the rehabilitation area (REHAB)?

A
  1. Located away from the incident site.
  2. Located in the cold zone.
  3. and used for personnel needs.
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18
Q

What is another key area for consideration concerning structural collapse areas?

A

Logistics area

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19
Q

Considering scene security and protection, what can be used for scene security?

A

Guards, jersey barriers, caution tape, and emergency vehicles to control crowds.

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20
Q

What must be controlled to allow for personnel accountability and control?

A

Access at entrance and exit points.

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21
Q

Considering zones, what is a Hot Zone?

A

The zone where rescue is taking place.

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22
Q

Define a Size Up:

A

Informs the command of the situation with available resources or if they will need additional resources and mutual aid.

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23
Q

What are the three hazards rescuers need to be aware of?

A
  1. Physical
  2. Environmental
  3. Atmospheric
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24
Q

What hazard are high-noise levels classified as?

A

Environmental Hazards

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25
Considering the sides of a building, what is considered the most dangerous side?
Top
26
Considering the sides of a building, what is considered the second most dangerous side?
Bottom
27
Who developed the building marking system?
FEMA
28
When should a structure hazards evaluation be carried out?
Before the search assessment
29
What are the three levels of risk concerning structure hazard evaluation?
Low, medium, and high risk
30
What does a low-risk hazard signal look like?
Box with no other markings
31
What does a medium-risk hazard signal look like?
Box with a diagonal line across
32
What does a high-risk hazard signal look like?
Box with big X accross it.
33
Considering FEMA hazard markings, what does the "arrow" indicate?
Safe entry
34
Considering FEMA hazard markings, what does the "HM" indicate?
Hazardous Material
35
Considering victim markings, what would a marking look like that describes a confirmed deceased victim?
V, with a horizontal line
36
Considering a "light-frame wood" construction of a building, what is the principal weakness?
The lateral strength of the walls and connections.
37
What key areas should be checked concerning "light-frame" structures?
Badly cracked or leaning walls
38
Is a secondary collapse more or less likely with a light-frame multistory building?
More
39
What is defined as "light metal construction?"
Light gage steel buildings
40
What should rescuers be looking for when inspecting hazards with a light metal construction?
Broken, elongated, and/or buckled rod bracing and connections.
41
Considering building triage, what can indicate how much and what types of equipment will be needed to move debris?
The size of the structure and type of construction.
42
How often is the pre-designed schedule for the natural tendency of rescue specialists to stop at each building and "solve the problem?"
5 to 10 minutes per building with frequent check-in with the team leader
43
Considering building occupancy, how many units are a school per classroom?
20-25
44
Considering building occupancy, how many units are hostpitals per bed?
1.5
45
Considering building occupancy, how many units are residential per bedroom?
2
46
Considering building occupancy, how many units in an office building per parking space?
1.5
47
What three key indicators must be identified concerning occupancy?
1. Structure type 2. Collapse Mechanism 3. Time of day
48
Consider the survivability profile, when is the greatest chance for survival to occur?
Within the first 24 hours
49
Considering the survivability profile, victims are most likely to survive in what three locations?
1. Collapse voids 2. Access corridors 3. Basements
50
What are the four types of physical searches?
1. Hasty 2. Secondary 3. Hailing/ Listening 4. Pattern
51
What is defined as a hasty search?
Quick and efficient
52
What is defined as a secondary search?
Systematic redundant checks
53
What does a rescuer need to do prior to a hailing and listening type search?
Direct other rescuers to stop all noise in the area.
54
What does a pattern search avoid?
Avoids overlapping
55
What do thermal imagers use to produce an image?
temperature
56
What can't thermal imagers NOT see through?
Walls
57
What is the survival rate for victims found within the first hour?
91%
58
What is the survival rate for victims found within the first 24 hours?
81%
59
Considering medical concerns; what is defined as an extreme decrease in body temperature?
Hypothermia
60
Considering medical concerns; what is defined as an extreme loss of blood volume?
Hypovolemia
61
Considering medical concerns, what syndrome is also called "grateful dead?"
Crush syndrome: (4) hours with absent blood flow to injured areas.
62
Considering selected debris removal, what is the cost-to-benefit ratio used for?
evaluating the danger to rescuers vs. live victim rescue.
63
Considering selected debris removal, in what order should debris be removed?
Top toward the bottom.
64
What type of Removal uses heavy equipment?
General debris removal
65
Considering lifting and moving operations, what two types of simple devices can be used to provide a mechanical advantage?
Levers and incline planes
66
What class lever is used when a load is located at one end of the lever and the lifting force is placed at the other end? (Lifting up)
Class 1
67
What class lever is used when a fulcrum at on end of the lever, a load in the middle, and a force on the other end? (Moving objects horizontally)
Class 2
68
Considering "gravity" and its relationship to lifting, what is defined as the point at which the whole weight of an object is acting vertically downward?
Center of gravity
69
What location on an object is it very important to hoist from?
Center of gravity
70
What is the purpose of "crib beds?"
Support and stabilization
71
What is the purpose of a shim?
Used to snug up a load, fill in voids, or change the angle of thrust.
72
Never build a crib bed higher than (what number) times the length of the cribbing in use?
3 times the length of the cribbing in use.
73
Considering "lifting increments", how many inches at a time should we lift in short controlled increments?
2"- 4"
74
What weight capacity can a 4x4 crib hold?
24,000 lbs (12 tons)
75
What weight capacity can a 6x6 crib hold?
60,000 lbs (30 tons)
76
What is considered the strongest crib?
Solid crib stack
77
What type of cribbing is needed to keep a height-to-width ratio with a 1:1 ratio?
Angled cribbing
78
Considering Pneumatic Airbags, what range of sizes do they come in?
6"x6" to 36"x36"
79
Are pneumatic airbags used to stabilize?
No
80
What is the range of inflation pressure (PSI) of pneumatic Airbags?
116-145 psi
81
Consider pneumatic airbags; you should never stack bags more than how high?
Never stack more than two high.
82
How many lifting points do round or cylindrical-shaped objects require?
Two lifting points
83
Considering rollers and runners, what are "Pickets" made from?
Cold rolled steel
84
What is the weight of concrete per cubic foot?
150 lbs
85
What is the weight of wood per cubic foot?
35 lbs
86
What is the weight of steel per cubic foot?
490/500 lbs
87
What is the formula to calculate the weight of a square or rectangular concrete slab?
L x W x H x (unit weight)
88
What is the formula to calculate the weight of a Round Cylinder?
Pi x r (squared) x L x (unit weight)
89
What should you always do before breaching or creating an entry?
Create a small hole to determine if a victim is close to the area of entry
90
Shoring should be considered and installed before cutting and what other actions?
Removal of more than two studs or joists.
91
Considering tools and equipment, what are three evaluation criteria that will aid in the assessment process in choosing the proper tools for the job? (PWP)
1. Performance 2. Weight 3. Power sources
92
Considering a Saw tool, diamond-segmented blades are used for what material?
Concrete or masonry
93
Considering a Saw tool, carbide-tipped blades are used for what material?
Wood
94
Considering a Saw tool, abrasive blades are used for what material?
Cutting steel
95
What shape cut is used for light frame wood or metal structures?
Rectangle
96
What shape cut is used for Masonry or concrete?
Circle or Triangle
97
True or False? The foundation of a light-frame structure will be either a flush foundation on a concrete slab or a raised foundation on a cripple wall?
True
98
Floor joists are usually located every what length of the center?
12" to 16"
99
Roof joists are usually located every what length of the center?
16" to 24"
100
Ordinary concrete can withstand pressures of what range?
3,000 to 5,000 psi
101
Super concrete can withstand pressures of what range?
20,000 psi
102
What are the three basic options for dealing with structural collapse or falling hazards?
1. Avoid it 2. Remove it 3. Shore it
103
What is considered the most important structural element?
Load bearing walls
104
What location should shoring start on in rescue operations occurring in wood or lightweight steel-frame structures?
At least one (1) floor below the floor with damage.
105
What location should shoring start on in rescue operations occurring in concrete structures?
At least three (3) good floors below the level with structural damage.
106
What are the three shore classifications?
Class 1. T-shore Class 2. 2-post vertical Class 3. Laced post shore
107
What are the two most common wood types used in shoring operations?
Douglas fur & Southern pine

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