Structural & Functional Organization of the Digestive System

Question 1

what two groups of organs make up the digestive system

Answer 1

Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

Accessory digestive organs

Question 2

describe the Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

Answer 2

continuous tube from mouth to anus

Question 3

Name the organs in the Gastrointestinal tract/ Alimentary canal

Answer 3

Mouth

Pharynx

esophagus

stomach

small intestine

large intestine

Question 4

z

Answer 4

z

Question 5

what are the organs of the accessory digestion

Answer 5

teeth

tongue

salivary glands

liver

gallbladder

pancreas

Question 6

z

Answer 6

z

Question 7

the intrathoracic region contains what

Answer 7

Liver (solid)

Gallbladder ( solid but contained)

Spleen

Stomach (Hallow)

Transverse colon (hallow)

Question 8

the true abdomen region contains what

Answer 8

Small intestine

large intestines

liver, lower portions

bladder

Female:

Uterus Fallopian tubes

ovaries

Question 9

where is the retroperitoneal abdomen located , what separates it from other regions

Answer 9

behind the thoracic and true portions of abdomen

retroperitoneal membrane

Question 10

what organs are included in the retroperitoneal region

Answer 10

S - suprarenal (adrenal glands)

A - Aorta+ inferior vena cava

D - Duidenum

P - Pancreas

U - Ureters

C - Colon ascending and descending

K - Kidneys

E - Esophagus

R - Rectum

Question 11

z

Answer 11

z

Question 12

what are the basic functions of digestion

Answer 12

ingestion

secretion

mixing and propulsion

digestion

absorption

defecation

Question 13

what are the four types of distinct layers of tissue throughout the esophagus anus

Answer 13

mucosa

submucosa

muscularis

serosa

Question 14

what gastrointestinal tract. tissue is the innermost lining of the GI tract and in direct contact with the substances passing through

Answer 14

Mucosa

Question 15

what gastrointestinal tract tissue is made up of areolar connective tissues that binds and the mucosa to the musularis. Also contains blood and lymphatic vessels which absorb food molecules as they are broken down.

Answer 15

Submucosa

Question 16

what gastrointestinal tract tissue contains skeletal (voluntary) muscles and smooth (involuntary) muscles

Answer 16

muscularis

Question 17

what gastrointestinal tract tissue made up of two sub layers

Answer 17

Serosa

Question 18

what are the two sub layers of the serosa

Answer 18

Visceral Peritoneum

Parietal Peritoneum

Question 19

how many pairs of salivary glands are there

Answer 19

3

Question 20

what are the three pairs of Salivary glands

Answer 20

Parotid

Submandibular

Sublingual

Question 21

what is the function of the salivary gland

Answer 21

produce saliva

Question 22

what does saliva contain that kills bacteria protection the mouth from infection and tooth decay

Answer 22

Lysozomes

Question 23

what is the midline mucous membrane fold underneath the tongue that limits the movement of the tongue posteriorly

Answer 23

Frenulum

Question 24

what begins the digestion of starch in the mouth

Answer 24

Salivary Amylase

Question 25

what is a funnel shaped tube located at the posterior end of the oral cavity lined with mucous membrane and is comprised of skeletal muscle

Answer 25

Pharynx

Question 26

the pharynx is divided into 3 branches what are they

Answer 26

Nasopharynx oropharynx Laryngopharynx

Question 27

what is the muscular tube lined with stratified squamous epithelium and lies posterior to the trachea

Answer 27

Esophagus

Question 28

where does the esophagus begin and end

Answer 28

Start = pharynx end = stomach

Question 29

what sphincter is at the begin and end of the esophagus

Answer 29

Upper Esophageal sphincter lower Esophageal sphincter

Question 30

what is the function of the esophagus

Answer 30

transport food while mixing it with mucous

Question 31

what are the phases of swallowing

Answer 31

Voluntary Pharyngeal Esophageal

Question 32

discribe the voluntary phase of swallowing

Answer 32

tongue moves food to the oropharanx

Question 33

describe the pharyngeal phase of swallowing

Answer 33

begins inthe oropharynx breathing is interrupted soft palate and uvula close nasopharynx epiglottis seals off the larynx upper esophageal sphincter relaxes and bolus moves to esophagus via peristalsis

Question 34

describe the esophageal phase of swallowing

Answer 34

begins esophagus lower esophageal sphincter relaxes and food moves to stomach

Question 35

where is the pancreas located

Answer 35

retroperitoneal behind the stomach

Question 36

pancreatic juice is made up of what enzymes

Answer 36

trypsin chymotrypsin pancreatic amylase pancreatic lipase ribonuclease

Question 37

trypsin and chymotrypsin digest

Answer 37

protein

Question 38

pancreatic amylase digest what

Answer 38

starch / carbohydrate

Question 39

pancreatic lipase digest what

Answer 39

triglyceride (fat)

Question 40

ribonuclease digest what

Answer 40

nucleic acid digestion

Question 41

what is the second largest organ located just below the diaphragm

Answer 41

liver

Question 42

what is the liver responsible for

Answer 42

carbohydrate metabolism lipid metabolism protein metabolism processing of the drug hormones excretion bilirubin storage of vitamins and minerals activation of vitamin D

Question 43

what are the major functional cells of the liver that preform metabolic secretory and endocrine functions

Answer 43

hepatocytes

Question 44

what is the pear shaped sac that hangs from the inferior margin of the liver

Answer 44

gallbladder

Question 45

what are the functions of the gallbladder

Answer 45

sore bile to release to small intestine aids in chemical digestion, especially in fats

Question 46

bile and waste from the liver and gallbladder travel through series of ducts to where

Answer 46

doudoneum

Question 47

describe the pathway of bile and waste secreted by the liver and gallbladder

Answer 47

liver passes bile and waste through left/right hepatic duct gallbladder through the cystic duct secretions and waste from both join in the common bile duct common bile duct joins pancreatic duct to form the the hepatopancreatic duct Sphincter oddi controls contents from hepatopancreatic duct to duodenum

Question 48

what is the segment of the GI tract that comes after the stomach

Answer 48

small intestine

Question 49

how long is the small intestine stretched out how long is the small intestine

Answer 49

3m (10ft) 6.5,m (12ft)

Question 50

what are the cells that secrete hormones into the blood stream by the intestinal glands

Answer 50

S cells CCK Cells K Cells

Question 51

S cells secrete what to stimulate pancreatic juices

Answer 51

Secretin hormone

Question 52

CKK cells secretes what to regulate gastric emptying, stimulate bile and pancreatic juices secretion relaxation of the sphincter of oddi and feeling of satiety

Answer 52

Cholecystokinin

Question 53

K cells secretes what to stimulate the release of insulin

Answer 53

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

Question 54

what 3 segaments is teh small intestine divided into

Answer 54

Duodenum Jejunum Illeum

Question 55

where does the duodenum attache to the stomach

Answer 55

pyloric sphincter

Question 56

what connects the duodenal and jejunal, and denotes the upper and lower GI bleeds

Answer 56

ligament of trientz

Question 57

what is the middle of the stomach called

Answer 57

jejumum

Question 58

the jejunum predominant function in the absorbtion of what

Answer 58

sugar amino acids fatty acids

Question 59

what attaches the large intestine at the ileocecal sphincter valve

Answer 59

Ileum

Question 60

what part of the large intestine absorbs remaining nutrients, b12, and bile

Answer 60

Ileum

Question 61

where does most digestion and absorption happen in the GI tract

Answer 61

Small intestine

Question 62

the digestion in the small intestine via what two mechanisms

Answer 62

mechanical chemical

Question 63

mechanical digestion in the small intestine is accomplished how

Answer 63

segmentation and peristalsis

Question 64

chemical digestion is the small intestine is accomplished how

Answer 64

pancreatic enzymes, bile, and intestinal juice

Question 65

what absorbed molecules broken down in the small intestine

Answer 65

microvilli villi

Question 66

what is the largest part of the GI tract

Answer 66

Large intestine

Question 67

what are the four regions of the large intestine

Answer 67

cecum colon rectum Anal canal

Question 68

what is the first segment of the large intestine and is where the appendix attaches

Answer 68

cecum

Question 69

the colon is broken into what portions

Answer 69

ascending transverse descending sigmoid

Question 70

what connects the sigmoid colon to the anus

Answer 70

rectum

Question 71

the last 2-3 cm of the rectum consisting of internal and and external sphincters is called what

Answer 71

anal rectum

Question 72

what are the functions of the small intestine

Answer 72

main function - Poop bag completes absorption absorbs vitamins produced by healthy gut bacteria (vitamin B & K) forms feces

Question 73

what are the three phases of digestion

Answer 73

cephalic Gastric intestinal

Question 74

when does the gastric phase begin

Answer 74

when food enters the stomach

Question 75

when does the intestine phase begin

Answer 75

when food enters the small intestine