Structure and Bonding Flashcards
(71 cards)
E =
n^2h^2 / 8(me)L^2
in 2D n^2 becomes n^2 + m^2
3 angular wave functions of p orbitals
px, (orbital horizontal, x horizontal axis, y vertical axis)
py, (orbotal vertical, x horizontal axis, y vertical axis)
pz, (orbital horizontal, z horizontal axis, x vertical axis)
Half equations: IO3 - goes to what in 4 - 9M HCl?
ICl2 -
Define quantize
To restrict a quantity to one of a fixed set of numbers
What is the experimental evidence for electrons behaving as both a particle and a wave
The photoelectric effect - many metals emit electrons when light shines on them. Increasing intensity of light increased number of electrons emitted, but not their kinetic energy - so electrons behave as particles
Davisson and Germer (1925) - Fired electrons at nickel. Electrons diffracted not just reflected - a property of waves
De Broglie relation
λ = h /mv
KE =
Curvature = 2nd derivative
Typical bond length in a molecule
100 pm
A very small wavelength means…
no diffraction
What is the potential energy of an electron confined to a 1D box?
0 inside the box, infinity at the walls
What is the wavefuntion, ψ?
Wave height at point x
When you put an electron in a box…
It behaves as a wave
ψn(x) =
Csin(nπx / L)
L = length of box n = quantum number C = normalisation constant, value needed to make integral of this 1
What is a node?
Locus where the wavefuntion is 0
What is ψ^2?
The probability of finding the electron at that point
ψ(n,m) (x,y)
2/L sin(nπx/L) sin(mπy/L)
Quantum number n =
Orbital size quantum number - principle quantum number
Quantum number l =
Orbital shape quantum number - orbital angular momentum quantum number
Quantum number ml =
Orbital orientation quantum number - magnetic quantum number
Orbital is another word for…
hydrogen wave function, ψ
What does it mean to say that the electron can behave as a wave as long as it’s a standing wave?
The wave must be continuous, and there must be an integer number of waves around the ring
2πr =
nλ
What is the radial wavefunction?
Depends on radius r, quantum number n = 1,2,3,4….
Uses symbol ψ(r)
What is the angular wavefunction?
Depends on θ, ϕ, quantum numbers l (0 , 1, …. , n-1) and ml (-l, …, +l)
Uses the symbol ψ(θ, ϕ)
