Structure and Function finals

Question 1

Fill in the missing level of complexity: atom, molecule, organelle, ______, tissue.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Of the 92 naturally occurring elements, how many are found in living tissues?

Answer 2

26

Question 3

Anthropological categorization of Homo sapiens suggests that:

Answer 3

Homo sapiens are closely related to Homo neanderthalensis

Question 4

Hippocrates and Aristotle:

Answer 4

were acient greek philosophers.

Question 5

The author of the book De Humani Corporis was

Answer 5

Vesalius

Question 6

Which is a recognized part of scientific methodology?

Answer 6

Observation, proposal of an hypothesis, testing of hypothesis, peer review of studies done.

Question 7

A patient has a popliteal lesion and receives IV therapy in an antecubital vein. This is to say:

Answer 7

the injury is behind the knee and the therapy is offered at the anterior elbow.

Question 8

The term encphalic has what meaning?

Answer 8

inside the head

Question 9

An atom has 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 18 neutrons.

Answer 9

the atomic mass is 35
there are 7 electrons in the outermost orbital

Question 10

Carbon may have 6,7, or 8 neurons.

Answer 10

These have the same atomic number, these are isotopes of carbon, the three differ in their atomic masses, one of these forms is radioactive

Question 11

Sodium is found in nature with one electron less than its atomic number.

Answer 11

this is an ion, this entity would have a +1 charge, this entity would be attracted to chloride ions

Question 12

Which 5 carbon sugar is foundational to ATP, RNA, and DNA?

Answer 12

Ribose

Question 13

Monosaccharides

Answer 13

include glucose

Question 14

Which polymer of glucose has every other glucose molecule upside down?

Answer 14

cellulose

Question 15

Which of the following is true of cholesterol?

Answer 15

it is needed for the making of some hormones

Question 16

From which molecule are the eicosanoids synthesized?

Answer 16

arachidonic acid

Question 17

Inhibiting the formation of the eicosanoids can be accomplished by

Answer 17

aspirin, ibuprofen, steroids such as cortisol.

Question 18

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?

Answer 18

uracil

Question 19

How many amino acids are there?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

Seven amino acids, by dehydration synthesis, form six peptide bonds.

Answer 20

this is an oligopeptide and six molecules of water are lost.

Question 21

Properties of water include

Answer 21

polarity of molecule, thermal stability.

Question 22

pH is a measure of

Answer 22

probability of releasing H+ into solution

Question 23

Chlorine bleach has a pH of 9

Answer 23

this is likely to take up H+ from solution

Question 24

A solution of glucose in water is 2 molar.

Answer 24

this is 360 grams of glucose in one liter of water. the number of glucose molecules is Avogadro’s number times 2

Question 25

A mixture has particle sizes of 50 nm, the particles can be filtered, but no precipitate forms upon standing.

Answer 25

this is a colloid and blood plasma proteins fit into this classification

Question 26

Cyclic AMP

Answer 26

can become ATP by the addition of two phosphate groups, has ribose attached to adenine at carbon #1, has a phosphate group attached to ribose at carbon #5

Question 27

The most abundant protein in the human body is

Answer 27

collagen

Question 28

Epithelial cells commonly

Answer 28

cover surfaces, secrete things, absorb things, and protect underlying tissues.

Question 29

Characteristics of skeletal muscle tissue would be

Answer 29

striated

Question 30

What is the principal function of adipose tissue?

Answer 30

store triglycerides

Question 31

Connective tissues have three components:

Answer 31

cells, fibers, and ground substance.

Question 32

How does cardiac muscle tissue differ from smooth muscle tissue?

Answer 32

cardiac is striated

Question 33

the human cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 33

has enzymes

Question 34

Which cytoskeletal component is made of tubulin?

Answer 34

microtubules

Question 35

Which organelle is made of tubulin and directs chromosomes to their future locations during mitosis?

Answer 35

centrosomes

Question 36

There are twelve human organ systems.

Answer 36

Reproductive, Digestive, Urinary, Cardiovascular, Integumentary, Nervous, Respiratory, lympathic, muscular, skeletal, circulatory and endocrine

Question 37

Medical scientists whose contributions in the 1000-1200 A.D. time period were not influenced by doctrines of the Catholic Church are named

Answer 37

Maimonides and Avicenna

Question 38

Collagen fibers of the dermis are densely packed but run in different directions. For this reason we classify dermal tissue as

Answer 38

dense irregular connective tissue proper

Question 39

In order to have a quaternary structure, a protein must consist of

Answer 39

more than one chain of amino acids

Question 40

Ingredients for making a phospholipid include

Answer 40

glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group

Question 41

The probability of water molecules ionizing into H+ and OH- is one in ten million. Calculate the pH of pure water.

Answer 41

7