Structure and Function of Biomolecules:

Question 1

What do all biomolecules have in common?

Answer 1

• All biomolecules are polymers made up of monomers

- All contain carbon

Question 2

What are the monomers of polysaccharides?

Answer 2

Simple sugars

Question 3

What are the monomers of lipids/membranes?

Answer 3

Fats

Question 4

What are the monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 4

Nucleotides

Question 5

What are the monomers for proteins?

Answer 5

Amino acids

Question 6

What are considered to be biomolecules?

Answer 6

• Proteins
• Carbohydrates
• Nucleic acids
• Lipids/membranes

Question 7

How does glucose form glycogen?

Answer 7

• Ring shapes are made from glucose monomers
• These rings link together to form long, branched chains
• This is glycogen

Question 8

What is glycogenin?

Answer 8

A protein that binds glycogen

Question 9

What is the role of glycogenin?

Answer 9

It binds many glycogen molecules so that it can be stored for energy use later on

Question 10

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 10

O=C-OH

Question 11

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 11

O=C-O

Question 12

What is the formula for a peptide bond?

Answer 12

O=C-NH2

Question 13

What are the most abundant organic compounds on earth?

Answer 13

Carbohydrates

Question 14

What are the roles of carbohydrates in organisms?

Answer 14

• Stores of energy
• Reactants in metabolic reactions
• Creating parts of a cell/organism

Question 15

What is the empirical formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 15

(CH2O)n

Question 16

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Answer 16

• Monosaccharides
• Disaccharides
• Polysaccharides

Question 17

What are the two types of monosaccharides?

Answer 17

• Aldose

- Ketose

Question 18

What is an aldose?

Answer 18

A monosaccharide containing a aldehyde functional group

Question 19

What is the functional group of an aldehyde?

Answer 19

-C(=O)H (at the end)

Question 20

What is a ketose?

Answer 20

A monosaccharide containing a ketone functional group

Question 21

What is a ketone functional group?

Answer 21

C-C(=O)-C (in the centre)

Question 22

What is the name of a monosaccharide with 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 22

triose

Question 23

What is the name of a monosaccharide with 4 carbon atoms?

Answer 23

tetrose

Question 24

What is the name of a monosaccharide with 5 carbon atoms?

Answer 24

Pentrose

Question 25

What is the name of a monosaccharide with 6 carbon atoms?

Answer 25

Hexose

Question 26

What is the name of a monosaccharide with 7 carbon atoms?

Answer 26

Heptose

Question 27

What do carbohydrates have many of?

Answer 27

Stereocenters

Question 28

What are entantiomers?

Answer 28

Two stereoisomers with different groups attached at all their stereocentres

Question 29

How do we name carbohydrates?

Answer 29

- Based on the groups attached at each stereocenter - The type of enantiomer is then identified by the groups attached to the asymmetrical carbon atom furthest from group containing aldehyde/ketone

Question 30

What does a fischer projection enable?

Answer 30

3D organic molecules to be shown in 2D to see how groups are organised around tetrahedral centers

Question 31

What are tetrahedral centres?

Answer 31

Hybridised carbon atoms in the sp^3 orbitals

Question 32

Why are fischer projections important?

Answer 32

- Enables compounds with lots of tetrahedral centers to be analysed - Each are shown more simplistically

Question 33

What do horizontal lines in the fischer projection mean?

Answer 33

Groups are facing away

Question 34

What do vertical lines in the fischer projection mean?

Answer 34

Attached groups are facing towards the front