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L2 Fitness Instructor > Structure and Function of Skeleton > Flashcards

Structure and Function of Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What minerals are stored in the bones?

A 
Calcium
Phosphorus 
Vitamin D
Magnesium 
Fluoride
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2
Q

What’s produced in the red bone marrow?

A

Production of various types of blood cell

RBC, WBC, platelets

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3
Q

What is the name of the main bone shaft?

A

Diaphysis

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4
Q

Name a soft tissue that attaches to bone?

A

Ligament

Tendon

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5
Q

What vital organ is protected by the cranium?

A

Brain

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6
Q

Which vital organs are protected by the ribs and sternum?

A

Heart
Lungs
Diaphragm
Kidneys

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7
Q

Which bones form the axial skeleton?

A

Skull - Cranial
Vertebral Column - Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccygeal
Ribs
Sternum

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8
Q

Which bones form appendicular skeleton?

A 
Shoulders - Scap, Clavicle
Arms - Humerus, Radius, Ulna
Hands - Carp, MetCarp, Phalanges
Pelvis - ilium, ischium, pubis
Legs - Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella 
Feet - Tars, MetTars, Phalanges
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9
Q

Which bones are more distal - carpals or the phalanges?

A

Phalanges

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10
Q

Which bone is more proximal - ischium or the tibia?

A

Ischium

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11
Q

Name the bones that form the pelvis?

A

ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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12
Q

Name the bones which form the shank / lower limb?

A

Tibia

Fibula

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13
Q

Long Bone Examples?

A 
Femur
Humerus
Tibia
Fibula
Metacarpal
Metatarsal
Phalanges
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14
Q

Short Bone Examples?

A

Carpals

Tarsals

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15
Q

Flat Bone Examples?

A 
Scapula
Cranial bones
Costals
Sternum
ilium
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16
Q

Irregular Bone Examples?

A

Vertebrae and calcaneus

17
Q

Sesamoid Bone Examples?

A

Patella

18
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Cartilage found on articulating surfaces of synovial joints.

Forms temporary skeleton of the foetus - eventually replaced by bone when calcium is deposited.

19
Q

What is ossification?

A

The process by which bone is formed in the body from the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts with the addition of minerals.
Calcium must be present for ossification to take place.

20
Q

What is Osteoporosis?

A

Process of bone becoming less dense thus meaning more fragile.

21
Q

How can diet and exercise affect bone health?

A

Diet is essential for bone health especially calcium. Bone health can be impaired by excessive caffeinie, alcohol, carbonated drinks as they reduce calcium.
Weight bearing exercise can increase bone strength and density.

22
Q

How many natural curves are there in the developed spine?

A

Four.
2 Convex - Thoracic and Sacral
2 Concave - Lumbar and Cervical

23
Q

What is a neutral spine alignment?

A 
Natural S-shaped curves.
Minimal stress on passive structures.
Through ear lobe
Axis of shoulder
Greater trochanter
Anterior to axis of the knee
Anterior to lateral malleolus

L2 Fitness Instructor (1 decks)

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