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Structure and Function of the Body Flashcards

Chapter 6-18 (70 cards)

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1
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the physical structure of the body and organs

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2
Q

physiology

A

the science of the function of cells, tissue, and organs

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3
Q

homeostasis

A

steady state (normal)

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4
Q

midline/midsagittal plane

A

divides the body into equal left and right parts

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5
Q

medial

A

anything toward the midline

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6
Q

lateral

A

anything away from the midline

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7
Q

proximal

A

nearness to the point of attachment (applicable to the arms, legs, fingers, and toes)

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8
Q

distal

A

distance away from the point of attachment (applicable to the arms, legs, fingers, and toes)

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9
Q

frontal/coronal plane

A

divides the body into front and back halves

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10
Q

anterior/ventral

A

the front

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11
Q

posterior/dorsal

A

the back

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12
Q

transverse plane

A

divides the body into the top half and bottom half

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13
Q

superior/cephalic

A

towards the head (above the line)

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14
Q

inferior/caudal

A

toward the feet (below the line)

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15
Q

body cavities

A

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal)

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16
Q

four abdominal quadrants

A

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

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17
Q

nucleus

A

“the brain”

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18
Q

goli apparatus

A

digestion

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19
Q

mitochondria

A

the powerhouse (cellular respiration and enegry production)

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20
Q

epithelial tissue

A

form the body’s glands, cover the surface of the body, and lien cavities

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21
Q

connective tissue

A

Supporting structure, connecting other tissues together to form organs and body parts. Three categories conceive, supportive, fluid

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22
Q

Nerve tissue

A

found throughout the body

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23
Q

myelin sheath

A

is a sleeve (sheath) that’s wrapped around each nerve cell (neurons). It’s a protective layer of fat (lipids) and protein that coats the main “body” section of a neuron called the axon.

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24
Q

voluntary muscle

A

impulses from the brain (ex: skeletal muscle)

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25
involuntary muscle
action occurs without control/ conscious awareness
26
central nervous system (CNS)
the brain and spinal cord
27
peripheral nervous system
nerves that connect the CNS to every organ and area of the body
28
autonomic nervous system
specialized part of the peripheral system (controls internal organs and other self-regulation body functions)
29
frontal lobe
behind the forehead; related to emotion, personality, moral traits, and intellectual functions
30
cerebellum
smooth muscle movement, muscle tone, and coordination of sensory impulses
31
medulla oblongata
part of the brain stem that adjoins the spinal cord
32
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
watery cushion (shock absorber) to provide additional protection for the delicate tissues of CNS
33
CAT/ CT (computerized axial tomography)
series of x-rays of layers of the brain to construct three-dimensional picture; doughnut-shaped
34
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
large white tube and uses powerful magnets to generate pictures
35
meninges
three layers of membranes that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord
36
occulta
"hidden"
37
TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Recuring strokelike event; lasts from few seconds to hours, then disappears after 12-24 hours. WARNING SIGN of impending stroke
38
conjunctiva
a thin, clear membrane that protects your eye
39
pupil
the opening at the center of the iris through which light passes
40
iris
eye color
41
retina
back of eye
42
integumentary
external covering or skin (the largest organ)
43
functions of the skin
protection, perception, temp control, absorption, excretion
44
subcutaneous layer
bottom layer; has fat globules, blood vessels, and nerves
45
dermis
middle layer; contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicle and sweat glands
46
epidermis
top layer; has papillae
47
melanin
melanocytes (skin color)
48
Herpes Simplex I
often associated with lesions in the oral-nasal area
49
Herpes Simplex II
associated with genital lesions
50
Impetigo
contagious, superficial skin infection (usually seen in young children); yellow crust develops from drainage; good hygiene for treatment
51
Psoriasis
chronic inflammatory condition that is recurrent, with alternating periods of remission/increased severity; red papules that covered with silvery scales; NO cured
52
Axial skeleton
spinal column, skull, and rib cage
53
appendicular skeleton
bones of the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulders, and pelvis
54
how many bones do babies and adults have?
baby has 270 bones; adult has 206
55
Need to know: bones
cranium; acromion process; humerus; ulna; radius; femur; tibia; fibula
56
main minerals of bones
calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium
57
ends of long bones
Proximal epiphysis (red marrow), Diaphsis (yellow marrow), Distal epiphysis
58
functions of the skeleton
Support, protection, points of attachments, give shape, formation of red and white blood cells and platelets, storage of calcium
59
breakfast, lunch, dinner
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumber (5)
60
skull bones
maxilla and mandible
61
Ribs (costals)
true ribs (attachment) and false ribs (floating)
62
Greenstick fracture
incomplete fracture; children
63
closed fracture
simple, complete; skin is intact
64
open fracture
Compound; skin is broken
65
impacted fracture
jagged; from trauma
66
comminuted fracture
trauma; a lot of broken bone fragments
67
spiral fracture
twisting, mostly seen with abuse
68
depressed
only with skull
69
Colles'
catching self while falling; young children and elderly
70

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