Structure and Funtion of Cytoplasmic Organelles

Question 1

Tiny spherical bodies composed f RNA and protein; actual sites of protein synthesis, floating free or attached to a membranous structure (the rough ER) in the cytoplasm

Answer 1

Ribosomes

Question 2

Membranous system of tubules that extends throughout the cytoplasm; two varieties- rough ER is studded with ribosomes (tubules of the rough ER provide an area for storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to other cell areas; external face synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol) and smooth ER, which has no function in protein synthesis (rather it is a site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification)

Answer 2

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 3

Stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated small vesicles; found close to the nucleus; plays a role in packaging proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes

Answer 3

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Various-sixed membranous sacs containing digestive enzymes (acid hydrolases); function to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell; have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured

Answer 4

Lysosomes

Question 5

Small lysosome-like membranous sacs containing oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals

Answer 5

Peroxisomes

Question 6

Generally rod-shaped bodies with a double membrane wall; inner membrane is thrown into folds, or cristae; contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP); often referred to as “powerhouse of the cell”

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

Paired, cylindrical bodies lie at right angles to each other, close to the nucleus; direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell divisions; form the bases of cilia and flagella

Answer 7

Centrioles

Question 8

Provide cellular support; function in intracellular transport; microfilaments are formed largely of actin, a contractile protein, and thus are important in cell mobility (particularly in muscle cells), intermediate filaments are stable elements compose of a variety of proteins and resist mechanical forces acting on cells; microtubules form the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape

Answer 8

Cytoskeletal elements: Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules