Structure, Function, and Metabolism

Question 1

Where are Carbohydrates stored?

Answer 1

Liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen

Question 2

What is the formula and ratio of a Carbohydrate?

Answer 2

C 6 H12 O6
1:2:1

Question 3

What are the functional groups that all Carbohydrates contain?

Answer 3

Carbonyl and Hydroxyl groups

Question 4

What are the four properties that Carbohydrates are based on?

Answer 4

Size of chain
Location of Carbonyl
Stereochemistry
Number of sugar units

Question 5

How do we define the Isomeric Form of Carbohydrates?

Answer 5

D and L
(Right/Left)

Question 6

What is Hydrolysis?

Answer 6

When two Carbohydrates split, one molecule of water is used to form the individual compounds

Question 7

What are the most common Monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glucose - Most important
Fructose - Sweet
Galactose - Component of lactose

Question 8

Disaccharides

Answer 8

Two Monosaccharides joined by Glycosidic Linkage (Oxygen Bridge)
Split into two monosaccharides by Disaccharide Enzymes

Question 9

What are the most common Disaccharides?

Answer 9

Maltose = Glucose + Glucose
Lactose = Glucose + Galactose
Sucrose = Glucose + Fructose

Question 10

Polysaccharides

Answer 10

Linkage of 10 or more Monosaccharide units

Question 11

What are the most common Polysaccharides?

Answer 11

Starch - Amylose & Amylopectin
Glycogen - Glucose storage
Cellulose - Cell Wall

Question 12

What must happen before we can use Disaccharides and Polysaccharides?

Answer 12

Convert them to Glucose

Question 13

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 13

Adenosine Triphosphate