structure of bacteria and viruses

Question 1

blurt

Answer 1

-viruses can have DNA or RNA
-bacteria have circular DNA
-bacteria replicate by binary fission, viruses use a host cell to reproduce
-

Question 2

capsule function

Answer 2

-prevent bacteria from drying out
-protect bacteria from attack by cells of immune system of host organism, prevents antigens on surface from being recognised by macrophages

(made of polysaccharides or proteins)

Question 3

bacterial conjugation

Answer 3

genetic material transferred between bacteria mediated by/through pili
section of plasmid (which can contain antibiotic resistance genes) cut and transferred to another bacteria

Question 4

pili

Answer 4

allow bacteria to attach to other cells or surfaces

used in conjugation

Question 5

virus structure

Answer 5

-non-cellular
-nucleic acid core, contains genetic material
their genomes are either DNA or RNA and can be single or double stranded
-protein coat called a capsid
-dont possess a plasma membrane, ribosome or cytoplasm
-some viruses contain an envelope formed from the membrane phospholipids from the cell they were formed in
-attachment proteins sticking out from capsid or envelope that allow for attachment to host cell
-

Question 6

capsid

Answer 6

-protects viral genome (from conditions like extreme temperatures, pH levels or enzymes
-has specialised attachment proteins that bind to receptors on host cell, facilitating entry into the cell
-capsid protein can be recognised by host cell’s immune system leading to production of antibodies and other immune responses

Question 7

how can viruses reproduce

Answer 7

-attaching to host cells and using their protein synthesis pathways to replicate themselves/produce new viral particles