Structure of bacteria cell ch2

Question 1

The name of bacteria heterogeneous shap

Answer 1

Bleomorophic

Question 2

Syaphylococci

Answer 2

ترتيب البكتيريا على شكل عنقود عنب

Question 3

Diplococci

Answer 3

Pairs shape

Question 4

Streptococci

Answer 4

Chain shape

Question 5

Outer layer in gram- contain

Answer 5

Lipopolyscharide
Lipopolyprotien
Phospholipid

Question 6

The enzyme in periplasmic space

Answer 6

Beta-lactemase

As inhiptor to beta lactate drug

Question 7

Why mycobacterium depolarizeed in gram stain?

Answer 7

Rich lipid cell wall+
They have (mycolic acid + arabinoglycan)

Question 8

Peptidoglycan also called:

Answer 8

1- murien

2- mucopeptide

Question 9

What’s the composition of peptidoglycan?

Answer 9

1- glycan chain (NAG,NAM)
2-tetrapeptide 9L-amino , Damino)
3-peptide interbrige : the cross linking

Question 10

How pebtidoglycan act as antibacterial drug?

Answer 10

By inhibits transpiptidase that build the cross link of tetrapeptide

Question 11

Four steps of gram stain:

Answer 11

1- violet dye (all cells blue)
2- add iodine solution : crystal violet-iodine solution
3- the organic compound (Ethanol , Acetone) colorless gram- bacteria
4- a red stain (safranin) depolarizer gram -

Question 12

What’s protoplast?

Answer 12

Spherical shPe of bacteria in isotonic solution

Question 13

What the composition of LPS?

Answer 13

The inner layer (lipid A) responsible of toxins of gram-
At the middle :the core
The outer moss: LPS polymer (antigen/somatic) is the antigen for identification gram-

Question 14

Whats lipotechoic acid?

Answer 14

When techoic acid (glyserol phosphate linked with lipid in sytopkasm)

Question 15

Techoic acid polymer?

Answer 15

1- glyserol phosphate

2-ribitol phosphate

Question 16

All prokaryotic cells not have sterols except:

Answer 16

Mycoplasma

Question 17

Examples of transition exotoxins by plasmids:

Answer 17

1- enterotoxins in Ecoli
2-anthrax toxin in anthracis
3- tetanus toxin in clostredium tetani

Question 18

Medically importance of plasmids:

Answer 18

1- antibiotics resistant
2- exotoxins
3-ultraviolet resistance
4-pilim
5- pactriociens(toxec bacteria)

Question 19

Bactriocins examples

Answer 19

1- colicocins in Ecoli

2- pyocins in pseodomans aergunosa

Question 20

الطريقتين اللي بينتقلو فيها الantibiotic resistant gene?

Answer 20

1- from one bacteria to another by plasmids (congugation)

2-by transposons (conjugative transposons)

Question 21

Antrax bacillus

Answer 21

Have d-glutamic acid capsule

بدال الpolyscharide

Question 22

Imprtance of capsule

Answer 22

1- pervent ingestin from phagocytosis by negative charge
2- gives antibody can affect in sapsule
3-for identidication by( qoellung reaction)
4- adhesion in human tissue

Question 23

Bacteria types they have flagella

Answer 23

Many if rods and spirosheets

Question 24

The composition of pilli

Answer 24

Pillin protien in helical arrangement

Question 25

Flagella composition

Answer 25

Flagellun on iterwind chains | على شكل سلاسل متشابكة

Question 26

Medical important of glycocalyx

Answer 26

1- endocardium infection by - varidine streptococcus - staphylococcus epidermis 2-plaque)ترسبات في الاسنان) Streptococcus mutant 3-by p.aeroginusa بتسبب تليف كيسي

Question 27

Spores composition:

Answer 27

Debeclonic acid contain calcium ions

Question 28

What contain the cell wall?

Answer 28

1- protien as porien , in grma- protien as channel 2-plyscharide and protiens as antigen use it ln labratory identification 3-in gram- has LPS as endotoxin

Question 29

Weakly acid fast

Answer 29

Added weak solution of hydrochloric acid into acid fast stain to decolorized

Question 30

Mycolic acid

Answer 30

High amount of lipid that consist in mycobacteria cell wall prevent it to decolrized

Question 31

Carbolfuchsin

Answer 31

The stain in acid fast bacteria

Question 32

Another names of peptidoglycan are:

Answer 32

- murien | - mucopeptide

Question 33

What makes up peptidoglycan?

Answer 33

1-glycan chain (NAM/NAG) 2-tetra-peptide chain (L-D isomers ) 3-peptide cross linkage ( of gram+ cells)

Question 34

How antibacterial drugs inhibit peptidoglycan?

Answer 34

By inhibiting trnspeptidase that synthesis cross-link between tetra peptides

Question 35

What is 2-layers found in mycobacterium cell wall not found most of bacteria?

Answer 35

1-mycolic acid | -arabinoglycan

Question 36

Protoplast

Answer 36

Spherical shape of bacteria without cell wall as a result of lysozyme

Question 37

What makes up LPS?

Answer 37

1-phospholipid (lipid A): determine the toxic effect 2-core polysaccharides, linked with lipid A through SDO 3-outer polysaccharide: antigens or somatic

Question 38

Whats lipotechoic acid?

Answer 38

Glycerol phosphate bound covalently with the liped in cytoplasma

Question 39

Procedure gram stain

Answer 39

1-crystals violet 2-iodine 3-acetone /methanol 4-saphranine

Question 40

Bacteriocins

Answer 40

Toxic protiens found in lethal bacteria

Question 41

What is the 4 domains of transposons?

Answer 41

1- inerveted repeats sequences (IR) 2-transposase 3-repressor 4-antibiotics resistance (conjugative transposons)

Question 42

4 important reasons of capsule in medical importance

Answer 42

1-resistance to ingulfement by phagocyte 2-quellung reaction 3-used in vaccine 4-adherence in human tissue

Question 43

Main point of flagella

Answer 43

1-chemotaxis process 2-contain of single protien and flagellin 3-the energy for movement (proton motive force) 4-whiplike appandeges

Question 44

Axial filament

Answer 44

Like flagella shape , help spirochetes to movement.

Question 45

Medically important reasons of flagella:

Answer 45

1- caused urinary tract infection , pathogenesis bacteria | 2-laboratory identification-antiserum against flagella’s proteins.

Question 46

Medically importance of pacillus

Answer 46

1-attachment in human receptor caused infection | 2-sex pacillus( used in conjugation)

Question 47

Glycocalyx(simple layer)

Answer 47

Secreted from bacteria Main component for biofilm Adherence firmly on surfaces Cause plaque

Question 48

Medically importance of spores

Answer 48

In gram+ rods Genus bacillus: anthrax Genus clostridium: tetanus/butulism

Question 49

How spores resistance to heat and dehydration and other difficult conditions?

Answer 49

By a thicker keratin-like coat it contain. + dipoclonic acid

Question 50

Mesosome

Answer 50

Paticipate in cell division and secretion

Question 51

The only capsule composed of polypeptide?

Answer 51

Anthrax pacillus