structure of cells

Question 1

Prok cells

Answer 1

lack a membrane bound nucleus

simpler

unicellular

Question 2

Euk cells

Answer 2

has a membrane bound nucleus

more complex

unicellular

Question 3

3 domains of life

Answer 3

Bacteria- lack nuc
Archaea- lack nuc
Eukarya- have nucleus

Question 4

4 structures common to all cells

Answer 4

cell membrane- the barrier- flexible outercovering

cytoplasm- site for many biochem reactions

ribosomes- made of RNA + proteins

DNA- chromosome, protects stores instructions

Question 5

diffs in size of euk (many organelles)

Answer 5

10-100 microm

linear X shaped

multiple chromosomes

found in NUCLEUS

chromosomes are wrapped around proteins (histones)
—then compacted into chromatin

Question 6

diffs in size of prok (few organelles)

Answer 6

1-10 microm

small

simple

circular like cotton balls

typically one main chromosome found in CYTOPLASM

Question 7

diffs in size viruses

Answer 7

SUPER tiny
even more microscopic
0.1-0.02 microm

dont have a typical cell structure

Question 8

functions of ribosome

Answer 8

translation: turns mRNA into protein —–central dogma

protein synthesis:
mRNA
amino acids
polypeptide chain

Question 9

Euk where are ribosomes found?

Answer 9

cytoplasm free floating OR attached to the rough ER

Question 10

Prok where are ribosomes found?

Answer 10

free floating in cytoplasm

Question 11

Prok organelle # and diversity

size?

Answer 11

have less organelles!
simple
not very diverse or specialized

smaller- 70S

Question 12

Euk organelle # and diversity

size?

Answer 12

have MANY organelles
very specialized

larger- 80S

Question 13

nucleus

Answer 13

stores DNA

controls cell activities

site for transcription (DNA to RNA)

Question 14

ribosomes

Answer 14

protein synthesis

found in the cytoplasm free floating or attached to the rough ER

Question 15

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

synthesizes proteins and lipids

Question 16

rough ER

Answer 16

modifies transports proteins

Question 17

golgi apparatus

Answer 17

1. transport:
   modifies, sorts, and packages proteins + lipids for TRANSPORT
2. secretion:
   puts molecules in vesicles and sends them outside the cell

Question 18

smooth ER

Answer 18

makes lipids (fat based molecules)

detoxifies drugs

stores calcium

Question 19

mitochondria

Answer 19

produces ATP (energy) through cellular respiration

Question 20

lysosomes

Answer 20

break down waste and recycle old cell parts

digestive enzymes

Question 21

peroxisomes

Answer 21

detoxifies harmful substances, breaks down fatty acids, and produces hydrogen peroxide

Question 22

cytoskeleton

Answer 22

provides structural support

aids in cell movement

transports materials

Question 23

centrioles

Answer 23

organizes microtubules, important in cell division

Question 24

plasma membrane

Answer 24

regulates what enters and exits the cell

provides protection and communication

Question 25

chloroplasts (in plants)

Answer 25

photosynthesis to produce glucose and oxygen

Question 26

vacuoles

Answer 26

stores water, nutrients, and waste large central vacuole in plants provides structure

Question 27

cell wall

Answer 27

provides protection + structure to plants and fungi

Question 28

external structure for:

Answer 28

protection movement communication attachment genetic transfer

Question 29

Prok outside structures

Answer 29

cell wall plasma membrane simple flagella (propeller) pili- found in bacteria for attachment and DNA transfer ------ have to move to hunt for food attaches to things/ attaches to rock in water/ plaque on teeth

Question 30

Euk outside structures

Answer 30

cell wall (all plants, some fungi) plasma membrane complex flagella cilia- (present in some) for movement, sweeping particles

Question 31

cell wall Prok

Answer 31

bacteria archaea composition: peptidoglycan complexity: simple, rigid function: PROTECTION prevents cell from bursting of too much water maintains shape DEFENSE from viruses MAINTAINING SHAPE

Question 32

cell wall Euk

Answer 32

plants fungi some protists composition: cellulose complexity: more complex function: growth regulation communication