Structure of DNA

Question 1

Chromosome

Answer 1

Structure found in the nucleus made of a long strand of DNA

Question 2

Gene

Answer 2

Small section of DNA found on a chromosome, triplet of amino acids that code for a specific protein. Therefore, contributing to a characteristic.

Question 3

Allele

Answer 3

Different forms of a gene - humans have two alleles for each gene they inherit, one from each parent

Question 4

Genotype

Answer 4

Combination of alleles an individual has

Question 5

Phenotype

Answer 5

Physical characteristics observed in an individual

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

Entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 7

Structure of a nucleotide

Answer 7

A sugar, a phosphate group (joined in a sugar-phosphate backbone), and a base

Question 8

Name the 4 bases

Answer 8

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine

Question 9

Complementary base pairing

Answer 9

A-T, C-G

Question 10

Structure of DNA

Answer 10

Polymer made of many repeating units, nucleotides. Made up of 2 strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix.

Question 11

How many bases make an amino acid?

Answer 11

Three

Question 12

Non-coding DNA

Answer 12

Parts of the DNA that do not code for proteins, instead they control whether a gene is expressed or not

Question 13

What is DNA?

Answer 13

Deoxyribonucleic acid
- chemical that all genetic material in a cell is made up of

Question 14

Benefits of scientists understanding the entire human genome

Answer 14

• Able to identify genes linked to causing a disease
  -> Helps us to understand them better and find more effective cures
• Able to trace migration patterns of human populations
  -> Able to work out when new populations split off in a different direction and what route they took, as all humans share a common ancestor from Africa