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Flashcards in Structure of DNA Deck (14)
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1
Q

What is the name for the repeating units that make up a strand of DNA?

A

Nucleotides

2
Q

What is a nucleotide made from?

A

deoxyribose sugar, base, phosphate

3
Q

Which end of the DNA strand is called the 3’ end?

A

End with deoxyribose sugar

4
Q

Which end of the DNA strand is called the 5’ end?

A

End with phosphate

5
Q

Which shape is a DNA molecule?

A

Double helix

6
Q

What is the complementary base pairing rule?

A

Adenine and Thymine always pair, Guanine and Cytosine always pair

7
Q

What bonds hold the complementary base pairs together?

A

Hydrogen bonds

8
Q

Which bonds hold the deoxyribose sugar of one nucleotide to the phosphate of another?

A

Strong chemical bonds (covalent bonds)

9
Q

Why are DNA strands described as anti-parallel?

A

One strand runs in the 3’ -> 5’ direction and the other runs in the 5’ -> 3’ direction.

10
Q

Where do you find DNA in a eukaryote?

A

In the nucleus, in the mitochondria, in the chloroplast (also plasmids in yeast).

11
Q

How is DNA stored in prokaryotes?

A

As a large circular chromosome and in plasmids.

12
Q

What is a plasmid?

A

A small ring of DNA.

13
Q

How is DNA stored in eukaryotes?

A

Linear chromosomes in the nucleus, small circular chromosomes in the mitochondria and chloroplast.

14
Q

How is DNA packaged within the nucleus of eukaryotes?

A

Tightly wound around proteins to form chromosomes.