Structure of human body

Question 1

Structure of human body

Answer 1

> Cells
Tissues
Organs
Systems

Question 2

Cells

Answer 2

Basic unit of all living things

Question 3

Cell membrane

Answer 3

Boundary of cell

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Body of cell

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

Small, round structure in center of cell

Question 6

Chromosome

Answer 6

Inside nucleus of cell
>Contain genes that determine hereditary characteristics

Question 7

Tissues

Answer 7

Group of similar cells performing a specific task

Question 8

Muscle tissues

Answer 8

Produces movement

Question 9

Nerve tissue

Answer 9

Conducts impulses to and from the brain

Question 10

Connective tissue

Answer 10

Connects & supports various body structures; adipose (fat) and osseous (bone)

Question 11

Epithelial tissue

Answer 11

Found in the skin & lining of the blood vessels, respiratory, intentional, urinary tracts and other body system

Question 12

Organs

Answer 12

2 or more kinds of tissue, together performing special body functions

Question 13

Organ systems

Answer 13

Groups of organs working together to perform complex body functions

Question 14

Integumentary system

Answer 14

Includes hair, skin and nails
»Provides external protective covering over the body

Question 15

Musculoskeletal system

Answer 15

Includes skeletal & muscular systems
»Body’s skeleton protects vital body organs & provides structure to body
»Blood cells formed within bones of skeletal system
»Provides movement of the body

Question 16

Lymphatic system

Answer 16

Includes bone marrow, thymus, lymphatic vessels, thoracic vessels, thoracic duct, spleen, and lymph nodes
»Body’s immune system which houses lymphocytes (white blood cells), the main warriors of immune system

Question 17

Respiratory system

Answer 17

Includes nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
»Allows breathing & keeps blood supplied with oxygen while removing carbon dioxide
»Aka pulmonary system

Question 18

Digestive system

Answer 18

Includes oral cavity, esophagus, liver, stomach small intestines, large intestines, rectum and anus
»System breaks down food for fuel for body

Question 19

Nervous system

Answer 19

Includes brain, sensory receptors, spinal cord, and nerves
»Controls body to respond to internal & external changes

Question 20

Endocrine system

Answer 20

Includes pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, & testes
»Glands secrete hormones that regulate bodily processes in coordination with nervous system
»These 2 systems together referred to as neuroendocrine system

Question 21

Cardiovascular system

Answer 21

Includes heart and blood vessels
»System moves blood throughout the body

Question 22

Male reproductive system

Answer 22

Includes prostate gland, ductus deferens, scrotum, penis and testes

Question 23

Female reproductive system

Answer 23

Includes mammary glands, ovary, uterus, vagina, and uterine tube

Question 24

Cell membrane

Answer 24

Surrounds & protects individual cell

Question 25

Nucleus

Answer 25

Small, round structure within cell containing chromosomes & nucleoplasm (deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] and ribonucleic acid [RNA])

Question 26

Chromosome

Answer 26

Linear strand made of DNA carrying genetic info

Question 27

Cytology

Answer 27

Study of cells including the formation, structure, and functions of cells

Question 28

RNA (Ribonucleic acid)

Answer 28

Contained within nucleus, is transcribed from DNA by enzymes >>Plays crucial role in protein synthesis

Question 29

Gene

Answer 29

Specific segment of base pairs in chromosomes >>functional unit of hereditary

Question 31

Dorsal body cavity

Answer 31

>>Cranial Cavity >>Spinal (vertebral canal) cavity

Question 32

Ventral body cavity

Answer 32

>>Thoracic (chest) cavity >>Abdominal cavity >>Pelvic cavity

Question 33

Cranial cavity

Answer 33

Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

Question 34

Spinal (vertebral canal) cavity)

Answer 34

Space inside the spinal column containing spinal cord

Question 35

Thoracic (chest) cavity

Answer 35

Space containing heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, and thymus

Question 36

Abdominal cavity

Answer 36

Space containing lower portion of esophagus, stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen and ureters

Question 37

Pelvic cavity

Answer 37

Space containing urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of large intestine, and rectum

Question 38

Membranes

Answer 38

Line internal spaces of organs & tubes opening to the outside and line body cavities

Question 39

Mucous membranes

Answer 39

Line interior walls of organs & tubes opening to the outside of the body such as of digestive, respiratory, urinary & reproductive systems >>Lined with epithelium & are involved in absorption and secretion >>Composed of epithelium overlaying a layer of connective tissue called lamina propria >>Not every mucous membrane secretes mucus

Question 40

Serous membranes

Answer 40

Line cavities including thoracic cavity & internal organs (heart) >>Consist of layer of simple squamous epithelium overlaying a layer of loose connective tissue >>Support internal organs & compartmentalize large cavities to hinder spread of infection >>Named according to their organ associations >>Lungs are covered by pleura >>heart is covered by pericardium >>Serous layer also lines abdominal cavity & is known as the peritoneum

Question 41

Synovial membranes

Answer 41

Line joint cavities & are composed of connective tissue >>secrete synovial fluid into joint cavity >>Lubricate ends of bones so they can move freely

Question 42

Meninges

Answer 42

Meninges are composed of 3 connective tissue membranes found within dorsal cavity >>Serve as protective covering of brain & spinal cord >>Meninges from outer layer to inner layer: Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 43

Cutaneous membrane (skin)

Answer 43

Forms outer covering of body & consists of thin outer layer of stratified squamous epithelium attached to thicker underlying layer of connective tissue

Question 44

Connective tissues

Answer 44

Support & connect tissues of body >>4 general groups: connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood