Structure of Matter

Question 1

Proton-

Symbol:
Location:
Charge:
Mass:

Answer 1

Symbol: p+
Location: Inside nucleus
Charge: Positive
Mass: 1 amu.

Question 2

Neutron-

Symbol:
Location:
Charge:
Mass:

Answer 2

Symbol: n0
Location: inside nucleus
Charge: neutral
Mass: 1.00 amu.

Question 3

Electron-

Symbol:
Location:
Charge:
Mass:

Answer 3

Symbol: e-
Location: orbiting nucleus
Charge: negative
Mass: ~1/2000

Question 4

Atomic Number

Answer 4

The identity of an element or the number of protons

Question 5

What is Atomic Mass?

Answer 5

The average mass of the nucleus of all the atoms of an element.
#protons + #neutrons

Question 6

Number of Electrons per shells? (1-7)

Answer 6

First Shell: 2
Second Shell: 8
Third Shell: 18 (Z< 21, then 8)
Fourth Shell: 32
Fifth Shell: 32
Sixth Shell: 18
Seventh Shell: 8

Question 7

How many valence electrons can there be?

Answer 7

Number of valence electrons can be between 1-8 in sequential order for Groups 1,2 and 13-18. (note: Groups 3-12 are more complicated and not included on the test).

Question 8

True or False: Electron-Dot Diagram shows ONLY the number of valence electrons around the element symbol.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Calculating # of protons:

Answer 9

Protons = Atomic Number

Question 10

Calculating # of Neutrons

Answer 10

# Neutrons = Atomic Mass (rounded) - Atomic Number.
note: Atomic Mass=p + n

Question 11

Calculating # of Electrons

Answer 11

For a NEUTRAL atom, #electrons = #protons.

Question 12

Z is…

Answer 12

Atomic Number

Question 13

A is…

Answer 13

Atomic Mass

Question 14

Mass of nucleus:

Answer 14

of protons + # of neutrons

Question 15

Periodic Table

Answer 15

The arrangement of elements in order of atomic number that shows elements grouped together with other elements of similar properties to form a repeated pattern.

Question 16

What are the three categories of Elements?

Answer 16

1. Metals
2. Nonmetals
3. Metalloids

Question 17

What are some characteristics to help you classify METALS?

Answer 17

Good conductors heat/electricity. Malleable/Ductile. Shiny. Solid @ Room Temperature. Lose Electrons.

Question 18

What is special about METALLOIDS?

Answer 18

They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.

Question 19

What are some characteristics of NONMETALS

Answer 19

Poor conductors heat/electricity. Brittle. Dull. Gas @ Room Temperature. Gain Electrons.

Question 20

What are groups?

Answer 20

The vertical columns where the number of valence electrons are the same, so the elements have similar properties.

Question 21

Metal Groups:

Answer 21

Most reactive on the left (Groups 1 and 2), less reactive in the middle (Groups 3-12).

Question 22

Nonmetal Groups:

Answer 22

Most reactive on the right (Group 17) less reactive in the middle (Groups 16-13).

Question 23

What is special about group 18?

Answer 23

Group 18 is unreactive because the outermost shell is full.

Question 24

Patterns

Answer 24

Many patterns are formed when elements are placed in groups on the Periodic Table.

Question 25

History:

Answer 25

In the early 1800s, scientists believed that the 55 known elements could be organized in a useful way. In 1869, Dmiri Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass and noticed patterns started to form. Mendeleev left gaps in the table for elements that were not yet discovered. Henry Moseley changed Mendeleev’s table by placing the elements in order of increasing atomic number.

Question 26

What are periods?

Answer 26

The horizontal rows where the number of valence electrons increases by 1, the atomic number increases by 1, and the Period Number equals the number of energy shells.

Question 27

What are Groups?

Answer 27

The numbers at the top

Question 28

Alkali Metals?

Answer 28

Group one except for Hydrogen

Very highly reactive, not found freely in nature, soft, low density metal (Li, Na, K float on water) low boiling point

Question 29

Alkaline Earth Metals?

Answer 29

Group 2

Highly reactive, not found freely in nature, hard

Question 30

Transition Metals?

Answer 30

Groups 3-12

Bridge between highly reactive and less reactive metals, malleable, can bond with inner electrons, very hard, high melting/boiling point

Question 31

Rare Earth Metals

Answer 31

The ones at the bottom

Lanthanides - Soft, used for allloys, hard to distinguish
Actinides: unstable/radioactive, decay quickly, very high density

Question 32

Poor Metals and Poor Nonmetals (Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen Groups)

Answer 32

13-16

Least reactive metals and nonmetals

Question 33

Halogens

Answer 33

Group 17

Dangerous to humans, very highly reactive, bond with many elements

Question 34

Noble Gases

Answer 34

Group 18

Unreactive (full outermost shell), very low boiling points, combine with very few elements only under certain conditions