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Dosimetry Physics 2 > Structure of Matter > Flashcards

Structure of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

What do matter take up?

A

Mass and Space

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2
Q

What in the intrinsic property of matter?

A

Mass

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3
Q

Mass is measurable and quantifiable, True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Space has no dimension. True or False?

A

False, it has dimensions

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5
Q

What is the 1D space?

A

Distance

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6
Q

What is the 2D space?

A

Area ( length x width)

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7
Q

What is the 3D Space?

A

Volume (Lenght x Width x Height)

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8
Q

What is the 4D space?

A

Length x Width x Height x Time

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9
Q

What is newtons Law?

A

Force = Mass x Acceleration

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10
Q

What’s the quantity of mechanical energy?

A

1 Joule is required to move 1 kg to 1m with 1 N

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11
Q

What is the quantity of electrical energy?

A

1 Joule is required to move 1 Coulomb charge up to 1 Volt

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12
Q

What is the quantity of electrical energy?

A

1 eV is required to move 1 electron up to 1 volt

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13
Q

How do you calculate Fahrenheit from Celsius?

A

F= C x 9/5 +32

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14
Q

How do you calculate celsius from Fahrenheit?

A

C= (F-32) x 5/9

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15
Q

How do you calculate Kelvin from Celsius?

A

K= C + 273

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16
Q

Who proposed the idea that atoms have a characteristic weight?

A

John Dalton

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17
Q

Who is Sir JJ Thomson and what did he come up with?

A

British Physicist, and he developed the Plum Pudding Model, which demonstrates that electron move in a constant motion inside a positively charge medium,

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18
Q

What did Ernest Rutherford propose?

A

He proposed that electrons revolve around massive positively charged nucleus in an atom

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19
Q

What two components make up a nucleus?

A

Proton and Neutron

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20
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

21
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

22
Q

What is the mass of an electron?

23
Q

What does “Electrically Neutral’ mean?

A

The number of proton are equal to the number of electron

24
Q

What was bohr famous for?

A

Elaborating on Rutherford’s idea, he came up with the idea that nucleus was made up of protons and neutrons, and electrons orbit around the nucleus in discrete energy levels

25
Who was quantum mechanic developed by?
Schrodinger and Heisenberg
26
What's important about the energy levels of the orbital electrons in an atom?
They are discrete and not continuous.
27
How are the orbital electrons defined individually?
Defined by a set of quantum numbers
28
What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?
No two electrons in same atom can have an identical set of quantum numbers
29
What are the four quantum numbers?
Principal Quantum Number, Angular Momentum, Magnetic Quantum Number, Spin Quantum Number
30
What is the formula utilized to determine the maximum number of electrons within an orbit?
2n^2, N is equal to the number of the orbit
31
What is the mass number?
Total number of nucleons = Protons + Neutrons (top number)
32
What is the atomic number?
The number of protons within the nucleus (bottom number)
33
Atomic Mass Unit is equivalent to what fraction of what element?
1/12 of a carbon-12 atom
34
What is Atom Weight?
The mass of atoms expressed in grams
35
What is avogadros number?
6.022 x 10^23
36
What is an Isotope?
Element with Same protons (Z)
37
What is an Isotone?
Element with same Neutrons (A-z)
38
What is an Isobar?
Element with the same Mass #
39
What is an Isomer?
Same composition, but different nuclear energy states
40
What is an ion?
An atom that have gained or lost an electron
41
What is nuclear stability and what does it depend on?
A nonradioactive nuclide, which has a dependence on neutron-to-proton ratio.
42
What can be said about the neutron to proton ratio of a low atomic number nuclei?
Stable nuclides have almost equal number of neutrons to protons
43
As Z increases more than 20, what can be said about the N/P ratio?
For a stable nuclei, the ratio become greater than 1
44
If the nuclei is packed with more protons, it tends to be more stable. True or False?
False, it tends to be more unstable
45
What are the 4 forces of nature?
Strong Nuke force, Electromagnetic Force, Weake Nuke force, and Gravitational Force
46
What is strong nuclear force?
Short range force when the particles are closer to eachother then the amount of the nuclear diameter.
47
What is the electromagnetic force?
Oppositely charged particles to attract eachother and similar charged particles to repel eachother
48
What is the weak nuclear force?
Weak force, come into play for some types of emissions such as beta particle decay
49
What is the gravitational force?
Weakest force, does not affect atomically

Dosimetry Physics 2 (6 decks)

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