Structure of Matter #3

Question 1

Smallest particle of an element?

Answer 1

Atom

Question 2

Smallest subdivision of a substance?

Answer 2

Molecule

Question 3

What is any material that has a definite, constant composition?

Answer 3

Substance

Question 4

What cannot be decompressed to simpler substances by ordinary means?

Answer 4

Elements

Question 5

What is formed by chemical unions of two or more elements in definite proportions?

Answer 5

Compounds

Question 6

All matter is made up of?

Answer 6

Atoms

Question 7

Atom is Greek for “Atomos” what does it mean?

Answer 7

Uncut

Question 8

Scientists thought that all matter was composed of four substances, what were they?

Answer 8

Earth, Fire, Water, Air

Question 9

What are the fundamental particles of an atom?

Answer 9

Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons

Question 10

Protons and Neutrons have the same mass, T/F?

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the formula to get the maximum number of electrons in each shell?

Answer 11

2n Squared

N=the #of the shell

Question 12

What is the # of protons in the nucleus?

Answer 12

Atomic #

Question 13

In each element what distinguishes it from all other elements?

Answer 13

Atomic #

Question 14

What is the majority of the mass of an atom?

Answer 14

Mass #

Question 15

What is the sum of the # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom?

Answer 15

Mass #

Question 16

The # of neutrons is equal to A-Z, T/F?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Atoms of the same Z #, but different A # are?

Answer 17

Isotpes

Question 18

Two or more atoms with the same A #’s and different Z #’s are?

Answer 18

Isobars

Question 19

Two or more atoms with the same molecular formula, but different physical and chemical properties are?

Answer 19

Isomers

Question 20

Two or more atoms with the same # of neutrons, but different Z and A #’s are?

Answer 20

Isotones

Question 21

What energy is required to remove an electron from a particular shell and beyond the range of the nucleus?

Answer 21

Binging Energy

Question 22

What is the binding energy of the “O” shell?

Answer 22

.08

Question 23

Noble gasses are?

Answer 23

Inert

Question 24

What is determined by the # of electrons in the outer shell?

Answer 24

Chemical Behavior

Question 25

When an atom tends to be chemically stable when its outer shell contains exactly 8 electrons, what is it called?

Answer 25

The Octet Rule

Question 26

What is the only exception to the Octet Rule?

Answer 26

Helium; only has 2 electrons in the outer shell but is still chemically stable

Question 27

What is an atom that loses or gains an electron?

Answer 27

Ion

Question 28

If an electron is lost, an atom has a what charge?

Answer 28

Positive

Question 29

If an electron is gained, an atom has what charge?

Answer 29

Negative

Question 30

The # of electrons lost, gained or shared by an atom in chemical combination is called?

Answer 30

Valence

Question 31

What is the transfer of electrons between elements?

Answer 31

Ionic Bonds

Question 32

What shares electrons between 2 or more atoms?

Answer 32

Covalent Bonds

Question 33

What is the process of converting atoms to ions?

Answer 33

Ionization

Question 34

What are the four types of Ionization?

Answer 34

1) Exposure of matter to x-rays or Gamma rays 2) Exposure of matter to a stream of electrons 3) Exposure of certain elements to light 4) Thermionic Emission

Question 35

What is the primary characteristic of matter?

Answer 35

Mass

Question 36

What unit of energy is often used in radiology?

Answer 36

Electron volts (eV)

Question 37

The ability to do work?

Answer 37

Energy

Question 38

The ability to do work by virtue of position?

Answer 38

``` Potential Energy (PE) PE=mgh ```

Question 39

The energy in motion?

Answer 39

Kinetic Energy | KE=1/2mv Squared

Question 40

Electrons thst move through an electric potential difference (voltage) is called?

Answer 40

Electrical Energy

Question 41

Kinetic energy of molecules?

Answer 41

Thermal Energy (Heat)

Question 42

Energy that is contained within the nucleus of an atom is?

Answer 42

Nuclear Energy

Question 43

Energy transmitted through space as a combination of electric and magnetic fields is?

Answer 43

Electromagnetic Energy | Also known as Radiant Energy or Radiation

Question 44

What is the most important form of energy in x-rays?

Answer 44

Electromagnetic Energy | Also known as Radiant Energy or Radiation

Question 45

The interaction between radiation and matter is called?

Answer 45

Ionization

Question 46

What are the three fundamentals of Radiologic Science?

Answer 46

1) Standard Units of Measurement 2) Mechanics 3) Mathematics for Radiologic Science