Structure of Nervous system (cranial nerves)

Question 1

What is the sulcus?

Answer 1

crevice/trench on brain surface

Question 2

What is the gyrus?

Answer 2

ridge on the brain surface

Question 3

What is the the foramina?

Answer 3

hole to allow structures to pass through

Question 4

What is the choroid plexus?

Answer 4

lines ventricle system and produces CSF

Question 5

What are Falx cerebri?

Answer 5

longitudinal crescent-shaped fold of dura between the cerebral hemispheres

Question 6

What are tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 6

extension of the dura mater that seperates the cerebrum from cerebellum
-seperates cerebellum from inferior portion of occipital lobes

Question 7

What is the ventricle?

Answer 7

system filled with CSF in the brain

Question 8

What is a sinus?

Answer 8

sac/cavity in organ/tissue (e.g. frontal sinus, cavity containing air)

Question 9

What is the sella turcica?

Answer 9

saddle shaped depression in sphenoid bone housing pituitary gland

Question 10

What is the cerebrum?

Answer 10

“Brain”

-upper most region of nervous system, containing white and grey

Question 11

What is the cerebellum?

Answer 11

the “little brain” in the back of the brain (hindbrain)

Question 12

What are meninges?

Answer 12

3 membrane layers covering the brain consisting of:

• dura
• arachnoid
• pia mater

Question 13

How many bones are in the skull?

Answer 13

22 bones (8 cranial, 14 facial)

Question 14

How are bones of the skull joined?

Answer 14

by sutures

Question 15

What kind of joint is a suture joint?

Answer 15

syndesmosis (fibrous) joint

Question 16

What is the Cribriform plate?

Answer 16

The horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity.

Question 17

Describe the structure of the Meninges layers.

Answer 17

Outermost- dura mater
>very thick

Middle- arachnoid
>thin- difficult to see
>important because it is site of blood brain barrier and there is direct communication between CSF and blood

Innermost- pia mater

Question 18

What is the Telencephalon?

Answer 18

cerebral hemispheres

-2 telencephalons

Question 19

What are the Major Brain Lobes?

Answer 19

· Frontal lobe- mood and personality
· Temporal lobe- auditory information
· Parietal lobe- sensation, motor cortex
· Occipital lobe- vision

Question 20

What is the Metencephalon?

Answer 20

Cerebellum
-balance, dexterity, coordination

Pons
-connection from spinal cord to the brain

Question 21

What is the Mesencephalon?

Answer 21

Midbrain

-motor movements, visual and auditory processing

Question 22

What is the Myelencephalon?

Answer 22

Medulla oblongata

-respiratory and cardiovascular control centres

Question 23

What is the Diencephalon?

Answer 23

Thalamus + Hypothalamus

Question 24

What is the Dural Venous Sinus?

Answer 24

Venous channels found between layers of dura mater in the brain which drain the cranium

*don’t mistake these sinuses for air filled spaces

Question 25

What is the Superior/Inferior Sagittal Sinus?

Answer 25

dural venous sinuses which run along the superior and inferior border of the falx cerebri -collect blood from the brain and direct it into internal jugular

Question 26

What are arachnoid granulations?

Answer 26

projections of the arachnoid membrane into the dural sinuses that allow CSF entrance from the subarachnoid space into the venous system (communication between CSF and blood)

Question 27

What is the blood brain barrier?

Answer 27

specialised interface between circulating blood and the CNS protects the CNS by allowing certain types of molecules to pass

Question 28

Why do veins in the brain not have valves?

Answer 28

to allow the free-flow of blood

Question 29

What is the ventricular system?

Answer 29

four interconnected ventricles in the brain, each containing a region of choroid plexus involved in the production of CSF this system is part of the blood brain barrier

Question 30

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

Answer 30

between brain stem and cerebellum

Question 31

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

Answer 31

diencephalon

Question 32

Where are the lateral ventricles located?

Answer 32

within cerebral hemispheres

Question 33

What is the brain stem composed of?

Answer 33

Midbrain Pons Medulla Oblongata

Question 34

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

Answer 34

12 pairs

Question 35

What is the Olfactory Nerve (CN I)?

Answer 35

originates from olfactory bulb and enters skull through cribriform plate, innervating nasal cavity

Question 36

What is the role of the Optic Nerve (CN II)?

Answer 36

transmits visual information from the retina to the brain

Question 37

What is the role of the Vagus Nerve (CN X)?

Answer 37

originates from medulla and innervates many different tissues; important for sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation throughout the body