Structure of Pancreas, Hepatobiliary & Portal System

Question 1

What is pancreas?

Answer 1

Pancreas is an accessory digestive gland that contains both endocrine and exocrine glands.

Question 2

Why is the pancreas exocrine glands?

Answer 2

They are exocrine glands because they carry pancreatic juices through ducts and empty their contents into the duodenum of the upper small intestine.

Question 3

Why is the pancreas an endocrine gland?

Answer 3

Because it secretes insulin and glucagon from the islets of langerhan directly into the bloodstream.

Question 4

Is pancreas intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

Answer 4

Retroperitoneal except for the tail

Question 5

What lies in front of the pancreas?

Answer 5

The stomach lies in front and the omental bursa lies anteriorly of the pancreas

Question 6

What is on the right side of the pancreas?

Answer 6

The duodenum

Question 7

What is on the left side of the pancreas?

Answer 7

The spleen

Question 8

What lies on its anterior margin?

Answer 8

The transverse mesocolon

Question 9

What part of the pancreas contains endocrine glands that secrete insulin and glucagon?

Answer 9

The tail

Question 10

What is on the head of the pancreas & what lies behind it?

Answer 10

Head of pancreas contains ucinate process and the common bile duct is right behind the head.

Question 11

What affects the head of the pancreas?

Answer 11

WHen the common bile duct is blocked, it causes obstructed jaundice

Question 12

What vein does the neck over lie and how is this vein formed?

Answer 12

It overlies the portal vein & it forms when the splenic and superior mesentric veins meet.

Note: portal vein goes to liver

Question 13

What are artery does the body of the pancreas overlie?

Answer 13

Splenic artery

Question 14

Where is the tail of the pancreas found?

Answer 14

Found in the splenorenal ligament with splenic vessels

Question 15

Main pancreatic duct of the pancreas:

Answer 15

Begins in the tail of the pancreas, runs down the body, and joins with the common bile duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla which opens up at the major duodenal papilla

Question 16

Accessory pancreatic duct:

Answer 16

drains uncinate process and inferior part of the head. It opens up to the minor hepatoduodenal papilla in the second part of the duodenum. Carries the inactive form of enzymes from acinar cells

Question 17

What are the arteries to the head of the pancreas?

Answer 17

Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (gastroduodenal) and Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticduodenal artery (superior mesenteric artery)