Structure of the eukaryotic cell

Question 1

State the cell theory of biology (7)

Answer 1

1. All life forms are made from cells. They can be unicellular, or multicellular
2. A cell is the smallest form of life
3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells
4. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells
5. Energy flow occurs within all cells
6. Cells contain DNA
7. Cells are the same chemical composition in organisms of similar species

Question 2

What are universal features of all cells?

Answer 2

1. All cells have a plasomembrane which separates extracellular from intracellular
2. All cells have a genome which contains the DNA
3. Ribosomes
4. Has the ability to transfer information
5. Cytoplasm, jelly like structure where everything sits in
6. All have the ability to use energy (they can make energy: anabolism/they can break down energy: catabolism)

Question 3

What are the different types of cytoskeletons?

Answer 3

Microtubules: highway for cell movement

Microfilament: muscles, aids in contraction

Intermediate filaments: provides cells structure

Question 4

What are the structural differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Prokaryote:

• Cell wall
• Flagella
• Capsule
• Fimbrae

Eukaryote:

• ER
• Membrane bound organelles
• Nucleus
• Golgi body
• Mitochondria
• Lysosomes
• Cytoskeleton
• Histones