structure of the lungs Flashcards
(24 cards)
What type of cartilage are the C-shaped rings of the trachea made up of?
hyaline cartilage
where does the trachea start and end?
starts at C-6 and ends at T4/5
what is the name of the muscle that runs down the back of the trachea, allowing some construction in diameter of the trachea?
trachealis muscle
what is the tracheobronchia tree?
the point where the trachea separates into bronchi
what is the difference between the left and right bronchus?
the right bronchus is more in line with the trachea and is slightly larger in diameter, therefore it is more likely to become infected by foreign bodies.
how many lobes do the left and right lungs have respectively?
the left has two, the right has three
what is the name of the arteries that supply the lungs with blood?
the bronchial arteries
what is the purpose of the decreasing diameter of the bronchioles?
to increase surface area
what type of epithelium is found in the trachea?
pseudo stratified ciliated columnar epithelium, interspersed with goblet cells to produce mucus
how much mucous is produced per day on average?
1 litre
what happens to the shape of the epithelium further down the respiratory tract?
they become flatter and lose cilia and goblet cells
what is the differences in structure between the bronchi and bronchioles?
the bronchi contain plates of cartilage and the bronchioles contain a layer of smooth muscle which can narrow the bronchioles, especially in athsma
what are pleura?
double layered membranes that cover organs
what is the surface of pleura which is in contact with the lungs called?
visceral
what is the name of the surface of the pleura which is in contact with the ribs?
parietal
what is the oblique fissure?
the lower separation of the lobes in left and right lungs
what is the lingula?
a tongue like extension a the bottom corner of the left lung
what is the cardiac notch?
a space in the left lung that houses the heart
what is the hilum?
structure at the back of lungs which provides an entry and exit point for blood vessels and lymphatic vessels
what is the separation of the medial and superior lobes of the right lung called?
horizontal fissure
where is the apex of the lung?
located above the clavicle
where do the lungs end at the inferior side?
2 rib spaces above the end of the ribs
what are the intercostal muscles?
internal intercostal and external intercostal muscles: these raise and expand the ribs during inspiration.
what is the diaphragm composed of?
two domes: each is surrounded by muscle and has tendons on the inside
