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Structure of the Nervous System (Cranial Nerves) Flashcards

1
Q

Sulcus

A

Crevice/trench on brain surface

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2
Q

Gyrus

A

Ridge on brain surface

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3
Q

Foramina

A

Hole to allow structures to pass through

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4
Q

Choroid plexus

A

Lines the ventricle system in the brain and produces CSF

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5
Q

Falx cerebri

A

Longitudinal crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dura mater between the cerebral hemispheres

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6
Q

Ventricle

A

System filled with CSF in the brain

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7
Q

Sinus

A

Sac/cavity in organ or tissue e.g. frontal sinus, cavity containing air

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8
Q

Sella Turcica

A

Saddle shaped depression (Turkish saddle) in sphenoid bone, housing pituitary gland

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9
Q

Cerebrum

A

“Brain” upper most region of nervous system, containing white and grey matter

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A

Little brain situated at the back of the brain

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11
Q

Meninges

A

“Membrane” layers covering the brain consisting of the dura, arachnoid and pia layers

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12
Q

Bones of the skull

A

22 bones

  • 8 forms the cranium: temporal, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, ethmoid and maxilla
  • 14 form the face
    • > Orbit is formed from a lot of bones
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13
Q

What joins bones together?

A

Sutures e.g. coronal and sagittal suture

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14
Q

Transverse

A

Slicing in half across

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15
Q

Sagittal

A

Down the middle

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16
Q

Coronal

A

Side slice

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17
Q

Where is the coronal suture?

A

Joining the pariental and frontal bone

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18
Q

Where is the sagittal suture?

A

Suture that is at the top of the skull joining the parietal bones together superiorly

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19
Q

What type of joint is a suture?

A

A syndesmosis joint - fibrous

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20
Q

What happens if sutures do not close in babies?

A

There are developmentally cases where this happens and the sutures do not fuse. This can cause brain damage

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21
Q

Five layers of the scalp

A 
Skin
Connective tissue 
Aponeurosis 
Loose connective tissue 
Pericranium
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22
Q

Where is the scalp?

A

Outer aspect of anything from the meninges to the bone

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23
Q

Inner aspect of the meningeal layers

A

The dura mater
The arachnoid mater
The pia mater

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24
Q

What is between the two hemispheres of the brain?

A

The thick dura mater

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25
What is the falx cerebri?
The crescent-shaped fold of meningeal layer of dua mater that descends vertically in the longitudinal fissue between the cerebral hemispheres of the human brain
26
Where does the falx cerebelli attach?
It attaches directly to the frontal/nasal bones and keeps the brain intact
27
What is the tentorium cerebelli?
Separates the main brain from the cerebellum; forms a tent shape at the back
28
What happens when people hit the back of their heads?
They complain of temporary or complete blindness
29
Telencephalon
Cerebral hemisphere
30
Diencephalon
Two folds: posterior portion of the frontal brain - containing thalamus and hypothalamus
31
Corpus Callosum
Highway of the brain Where the inferior sagittal sinus lies on top of Contains the cerebral-spinal fluid
32
Mesencephalon
Midbrain - superior
33
Metencephalon
Pons and cerebellum
34
Myelencephalon
Medulla Oblongata - most inferior
35
Importance of the thalamus and hypothalamus
Connection between the pituitry gland the negative feedback centre
36
Where do the cranial nerves originate?
The anterior portion of midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata
37
What does the cerebellum contain?
The motor cortex and sensory cortex
38
Function of the frontal lobe
Thought-processing
39
Weiner's area
Auditory area
40
Broca's area
Controls speech production, important for patients who have had a stroke
41
Motor area
For movement | Resides in both hemispheres
42
Sensory area
Can be stimulated to map | The larger the gyrae, the indication of where it is
43
Where do the meninges reside?
Reside around the brain and continue down the spinal cord
44
Sinuses in the brain
- Superior sagittal sinus - Inferior sagittal sinus - Right and Left Transverse sinus - Sigmoid sinus
45
What is the blood-brain barrier?
The blood supply through the split of the dura layer into the sinus. Specialised interface between circulating blood and the CNS.
46
Which drug acts at the BBB?
paracetamol
47
What are the arachnoid granulations?
Connection between the CSF and the venous sinus
48
Where do the arachnoid granulations reside?
In the arachnoid space
49
Function of the BBB
Protect the CNS by allowing only certain types of molecules to pass protecting the CNS from toxins
50
What is bacterial meningitis?
Bacteria causes inflammation of the meninges. The cell structures in the BBB are inflammed allowing openings and more molecules can get through
51
Drainage of the brain
- Superior sagittal sinus drains straight into the sigmoid sinus then into the internal jugular vein - Inferior sagittal sinus drains into a straight sinus then the sigmoid sinus then the internal jugular vein
52
Where is the sigmoid sinus located?
By the mastoid bone
53
What do the arachnoid granulations pierce into?
The dura mater
54
Where do the arachnoid granulations exist?
Only exist in the brain
55
What is the function of the arachnoid space?
Where all of the CSF is being passed through
56
Where do lumbar punctures occur?
At the top part of the iliac crest, the safe zone is at the back. This safe zone is at L1 - L2 and becomes the cordray equina.
57
What is different about the cordray equina?
The pia mater has dissipated along the nerves by this point
58
What is the importance of the ventricles?
To fight infection as they contain the CSF
59
Lateral ventricles
Two which span from the frontal to the occipital | Swipe the whole of the midbrain
60
What connects the lateral ventricles?
The third ventricle Sits towards the medulla In the middle of the thalamus
61
What is the fourth ventricle?
The last ventricle that sits towards the cerebellum
62
Why are arachnoid granulations important?
To allow for a larger surface area for the exchange of molecules and blood
63
Composition of the brain stem
Midbrain Pons Medulla
64
Cranial Nerves
1. Olfactory 2. Optic 3. Oculomotor 4. Trochlear 5. Trigeminal 6. Abducens 7. Facial 8. Vestibuloacoustic 9. Glossopharyngeal 10. Vagus 11. Accessory 12. Hypoglossal
65
How to remember the cranial nerves?
On, On, On, They Travelled And Found Voldermort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes
66
Nerves to remember
Olfactory (CN1), Optic (CN2) and Vagus (CN10)
67
What is the function of the vagus nerve?
Longest nerve in the body, controls hunger, satiety
68
Facial nerve
Movement, passes through one of the smallest foramen in the skull
69
Olfactory bulbs
Hungry and start to increase sense of smell
70
Circle of Willis
Arteries that supply the face and brain containing the internal carotid arteries

Neuro (20 decks)

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