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Integumentary System > Structure of the skin - The Epidermis > Flashcards

Structure of the skin - The Epidermis Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

The Integument as an organ is also known as :

A

Skin

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2
Q

The Integumentary system includes :

A

Skin and skin derivatives(Hair, Nails, Sweat glands)

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3
Q

The integumentary system is the ________ system in the body.

A

largest

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4
Q

The integument is made up of two parts:

A

Cutaneous membrane and Accessory structures

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5
Q

Cutaneous membrane consists of :

A

Epidermis and Dermis

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6
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial epithelium

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7
Q

Dermis

A

Underlying cutaneous tissue with blood supply

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8
Q

Accessory structures consists of :

A

Hair, Nails, Exocrine glands

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9
Q

Functions of integumentary system (PASSIFS)

A 
Protection
Absorption
Secretion
Sensation
Ion Transport
Fluid Filtration
Slippery Surface
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10
Q

Functions of the integument as protection

A
  • Acts as first line of defense against bacteria and viruses.
  • Protects underlying structures from UV radiation and Dehydration
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11
Q

Function of the integument as secretion

A

Small amounts of waste products are lost through perspiration.

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12
Q

Function of the integument as sensation

A

Sensory receptors detect temperature, pressure, pain and itch.

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13
Q

Body temperature regulation if it is too hot

A
  • Dermal blood vessels dilate.

- Vessels carry more blood to surface so heat can escape.

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14
Q

Body temperature regulation if it is too cold

A
  • Dermal blood vessels constrict.

- Prevents heat from escaping.

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15
Q

3 structural layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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16
Q

Describe epidermis

A

It is a stratified squamous epithelium.

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17
Q

Most abundant cells in epidermis

A

Keratinocytes

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18
Q

Number of layers of thin skin

A

4 layers of keratinocytes

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19
Q

Number of layers of thick skin

A

5 layers of keratinocytes

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20
Q

Thick skin are found in :

A

the sole of the feet and the palm of the hand.

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21
Q

The five strata of keratinocytes in thick skin

A 
Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Lucidum
Stratum Corneum
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22
Q

The four strata of keratinocytes in thin skin

A

Stratum Basale
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Corneum

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23
Q

Stratum basale is attached to ________ by _______.

A

basement membrane; hemidesmosomes

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24
Q

Stratum basale forms

A

epidermal ridges

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25
Stratum basale contains
dermal papillae
26
Cells found in stratum basale
Keratinocytes Melanocytes Merkel cells
27
Stratum spinosum is a spiny layer produced by _______ of _______.
division; stratum basale
28
In stratum spinosum, ________ shrink until ________ stick out(spiny).
cells; cytoskeleton
29
Cells found in stratum spinosum
langerhans cells
30
Stratum granulosum is a _______ layer and is the layer where _______ stop _______.
grainy; cells; dividing
31
The layer that starts producing keratin
Stratum granulosum
32
Keratin
A tough, fibrous protein which makes up hair and nails.
33
The layer that covers stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
34
Stratum lucidum is a ______ layer found only in _____ skin.
clear; thick
35
Stratum corneum is the _____ layer which is the exposed ______ of the ______ .
horn; surface; skin
36
Layers of keratinized cells in the stratum corneum
15 to 30 layers
37
The stratum corneum is _______ resistant.
water
38
The stratum corneum is shedded every _________.
2 weeks
39
Layer of the epidermis where mitosis takes place
Stratum germinativum/basale
40
The innermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale
41
Process of mitosis in stratum basale
New cells are continually being produced, pushing the older cells toward the skin surface.
42
The cells of stratum basale produces
Keratin
43
Location of Merkel cells in the epidermis layer
Stratum germinativum
44
Merkel cells are responsible for
the sense of the touch
45
The anti-microbial peptides that living keratinocytes sysnthesize are called
Defensins
46
When are defensins produced?
They are produced following any injury to the skin, as part of the process of inflammation.
47
Function of Defensins
Defensins will rupture the cell membranes of pathogens such as bacteria that may enter the body by way of breaks in the skin.
48
What vitamin does the living portion of the epidermis produces?
Vitamin D
49
Importance of Vitamin D
It is important for absorption of Calcium & Phosphorus.
50
Outermost epidermal layer
Stratum corneum
51
Stratum corneum consists of
Dead cells that have only keratin
52
Which protein in the skin is relatively waterproof?
Keratin
53
________ prevents the entry of water in the stratum corneum.
Keratin
54
Which epidermal layer acts as barrier to pathogens and chemicals
Stratum corneum
55
Which substance inhibit the growth of microorganisms in skin
Sebum
56
Which cells are able to phagocytize foreign material, such as bacteria that enter the body through breaks in the skin?
Langerhans cells
57
Melanocytes produces another protein called
Melanin
58
Which two parts of the eye obtain their color from melanin?
Iris, and Interior Choroid layer of the eyeball.
59
Dark hair contains
True melanin
60
Blond and red hair result from types of melanin that contain
Sulfur and Iron
61
When does hair goes gray?
When melanocytes age and lose the enzyme necessary to produce melanin.
62
Genetic condition resulting in a total lack of melanin
Albinism
63
Type of tissue in the dermis
Irregular fibrous connective tissue.
64
What happens to our elastic fibers when we get increasingly old?
The elastic fibers degrades causing the skin to lose its elasticity.
65
The uneven junction of the dermis with the epidermis is called
Papillary layer.
66
Capillaries are only found in the
Dermis
67
Hair follicles are made up of
Epidermal tissue
68
Functions of human hairs
- Eyelashes and eyebrows help to keep dust and perspiration out of the eyes. - Hairs inside the nostrils help to keep dust/pollens out of the nasal cavities. - Hair of the scalp does provide insulation from cold for the head.

Integumentary System (4 decks)

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