- Lubrication and digestion of food

Structures & Functions of the UPPER Digestive Tract Flashcards by Zyril Kagalingan

This is where food enters and processed (where food travels across our body)

Digestive/Alimentary Tract

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It is the hardest substance in the body

Enamel

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Parts of the Upper Digestive Tract

•Mouth
•Tongue
•Teeth
•Esophagus
•Stomach

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Food that saliva digest

Starch

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Enzyme in saliva that allows food digestion (starch)

Amylase

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It’s a protein that participates in the metabolism of macromolecules

Enzyme

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It protects the linings of stomach from hydrochloric acid

Mucus

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Three Segments of Esophagus

Upper
Middle
Lower
(purely muscle)

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Functions of Stomach:

mainly digestion of protein (with the help of hydrochloric acid)
absorption of certain nutrients
temporary storage of foods

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What type of food that stomach digest?

Protein

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Type of acid in stomach

Hydrochloric Acid

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Functions of Saliva:

Lubrication and digestion of food

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two major divisions of digestive system

digestive tract and accessory organ

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Commonly called as the “food tube” is a long tube that runs from mouth to the anus and
comes into contact with food and the breakdown products of digestion.

Alimentary canal

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a series of hollow organs that are all connected to each other, leading from your mouth to your anus.

GI tract

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a network of three organs that deliver bile and enzymes through to your GI tract your bile ducts.

Biliary system

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This part of the digestive tract is adapted to receive food by ingestion, breaking it into small particles by mastication, and mixing it with saliva.

mouth/oral cavity

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THE MOUTH

a fan-shaped muscle that is involved in forming most of the tongue mass

Genioglossus of tongue

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THE MOUTH

a band of fibro elastic tissue that originates in the lip and inserts in the attached gingiva at the midline of the maxilla

Labial frenulum

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THE MOUTH

a central fold of fascia that spans the floor of mouth and together with the overlying oral mucosa it forms the “roof” of the sublingual space

Lingual frenulum

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THE MOUTH

fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane that is firmly attached to the periosteum of the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla

Gingiva

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THE MOUTH

This type of palate is covered superiorly by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium (respiratory mucosa) and inferiorly by stratified squamous epithelium (oral mucosa).

Hard Palate

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THE MOUTH

This type of palate is consists of muscle fibers and connective tissue covered by a mucus membrane consisting of a stratified squamous epithelium with secretory salivary glands.

Soft Palate

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THE MOUTH

A teardrop-shaped tissue that hangs from the back of the roof of your mouth.

Uvula

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THE MOUTH A muscular, box-shaped passageway behind your nose, just above the roof of your mouth.

Nasopharynx

THE MOUTH sagittal of the throat located behind the mouth.

Oropharynx

THE MOUTH Is the most caudal portion of the pharynx.

Laryngopharynx

THE MOUTH a tubular, elongated organ of the digestive system which connects the pharynx to the stomach

Esophagus

THE TONGUE a small, leaf-shaped sheet of elastic cartilage that protects your larynx (voice box) and helps you swallow.

Epiglottis

THE TONGUE bundles of lymphatic tissue located in the lateral oropharynx

Palatine tonsil

THE TONGUE masticatory mucosa, a type of oral mucosa which is of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Surface of the Tongue

THE TONGUE A body tissue that forms the covering on all internal and external surfaces of your body, lines body cavities and hollow organs, and is the major tissue in glands.

Epithelium

THE TONGUE It carries taste buds, usually 8 to 12 large papillae near the back of the tongue each of which is surrounded by a marginal sulcus and supplied with taste buds responsive especially to bitter flavors.

Vallate Papilla

Found at the bottom of the epidermis — the outermost layer of skin.

Basal cell

THE TONGUE A sensory organs that are found on your tongue and allow you to experience tastes that are sweet, salty, sour, and bitter.

Taste bud

THE TONGUE It bind neurons together and insulate the neurons.

Supporting cell

THE TONGUE It is composed of two excitable cell types and a glia-like cell.

Taste cell

THE TONGUE A very sensitive microscopic hairs called microvilli

Taste hair

THE TONGUE A small openings in the tongue epithelium

Taste pore

THE TONGUE a small, round, and the only ones that don’t contain taste buds

Filiform papilla

THE TONGUE a small structures on the upper surface of the tongue that give it its characteristic rough texture.

Fungiform papilla

TYPES OF TEETH What are the four types of teeth (anterior to posterior; front to back)

Incisors Canine Premolar Molars

TYPES OF TEETH a narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth, adapted for cutting. In humans there are four incisors in each jaw.

Incisors

TYPES OF TEETH dog teeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs,

Canine (also known as cuspids)

TYPES OF TEETH teeth that are located between our canines and our molars in the backs of our mouths

Premolar (also known as bicuspids)

TYPES OF TEETH teeth that are in the very back of your mouth.

Molars

PARTS OF THE TOOTH the part of the tooth that you can see above the gums.

Crown

PARTS OF THE TOOTH the portion of the tooth that rests in between the crown and the root of the tooth.

Neck

PARTS OF THE TOOTH the portion of the tooth that rests below the gums

Root

HOW DOES THE ESOPHAGUS WORK? a muscular tube that helps move food and liquid from the oropharynx, through the diaphragm and into your stomach.

Esophagus

HOW DOES THE ESOPHAGUS WORK? As a lump of food or bolus enters the esophagus, __________ begins to move it toward the _____. The middle portion of the esophagus is composed of both _____ and __________, whereas the inferior portion of the esophagus is made of __________. At the opening of your __________, there’s a ring-shaped muscle called the _______________. Your upper esophageal sphincter senses when food or liquid is coming toward it. Once inside your esophagus, waves of __________ (peristalsis) push the food downward. The food passes through your _____ and reaches your ___________. At the opening of your lower esophagus, there’s another ring- shaped muscle called the _______________ (LES).

Skeletal muscle stomach skeletal and smooth muscle smooth muscle upper esophagus upper esophageal sphincter muscular contractions diaphragm lower esophagus lower esophageal sphincter

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS The esophagus has inner epithelial lining of stratified squamous epithelium which are:

Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Propia

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS The inferior portion of the esophagus has an _____________, which prevents the backflow of the stomach acids, heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

esophageal sphincter

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS An outer connective tissue layer.

Adventitia

ANATOMY OF THE ESOPHAGUS A space in the esophagus that the food passes through

Lumen

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS This part of esophagus begins at the cricopharyngeal muscle.

cervical segment

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS This part of esophagus is located between the vertebral column and the trachea.

thoracic segment

PARTS OF ESOPHAGUS the final segment of the esophagus, runs from the diaphragm to the opening of the stomach.

abdominal segment

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK? This structure is a J-shaped organ that digests food located on the left side of the body. It receives contents from the esophagus.

stomach

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK? The food that enters the stomach is stored and mixed with _____ and __________ to form a soupy material called _____.

enzymes hydrochloric acid chyme

HOW DOES THE STOMACH WORK? When empty, its inner surface has a wrinkled appearance with multiple folds called _______. These folds flatten when the stomach is full.

rugae

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The openings) the opening by which the stomach communicates with the duodenum of the small intestine (at the level of the 1st lumbar vertebrae).

Pyloric orifice

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The openings) The opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach (which is at the 10th to 11th thoracic vertebrae).

Cardiac orifice

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The curvature) The greater curvature, we can also see a depression called the __________ or ____________.

cardiac notch or incisura cardialis

TOPOGRAPHY OF STOMACH (The curvature) The lesser curvature we can find a slight depression called ___________ or __________.

angular notch or incisura angularis

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH The _____ is the top part of your stomach. It contains the __________, also known as the ________________, which prevents food from traveling back up your esophagus.

cardia cardiac sphincter lower esophageal sphincter

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH The _____ is a rounded section next to the cardia. It's below your diaphragm (the dome-shaped muscle that helps you breathe). Project upward and to the left cardiac orifice. It is usually full of gas.

fundus

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH The _____ is the largest section of your stomach. In the body, your stomach contracts and begins to mix food.

body (corpus)

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH The _____ is the bottom part of your stomach. It includes the __________ that helps regulate the amount of chyme leaving the stomach.

pylorus pyloric sphincter

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH The ___________ lies below the body. It holds food until your stomach is ready to send it to your small intestine.

Pyloric antrum

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE the hallow inside of the organ where the food and secretions occupy

lumen

REGION / PARTS OF THE STOMACH __________ is the opening between the stomach and the duodenum.

Pyloric canal

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE Mucosa - innermost portion, it is the region that would be touching the lumen.

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE It is the bed of loose connective tissue on which the epithelium is lying.

Lamina propria

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE It is the innermost layer that would be the type of tissue that is directly contracting the contents.

Epithelial tissue

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE a thin ring of smooth muscle

Muscularis mucosae

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE supports the mucosa and is rich in blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.

Submucosa

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE this layer is made of thick muscles. They help to mix food with the digestive juices.

Muscularis externa

LAYERS OF THE STOMACH TISSUE it is last and outermost periphery of the GL tract

Serosa

Structures & Functions of the UPPER Digestive Tract Flashcards

(79 cards)