structures of carbohydrates

Question 1

What are the three main types of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Question 2

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Answer 2

C6H12O6

Question 3

True or False: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Disaccharides are formed by the condensation of __________.

Answer 4

Two monosaccharides

Question 5

What is the primary function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Answer 5

Energy storage and structural support

Question 6

Which polysaccharide is commonly found in the cell walls of plants?

Answer 6

Cellulose

Question 7

What is the storage polysaccharide in animals?

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

What is the main structural difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 8

The orientation of the hydroxyl group on the first carbon atom

Question 9

True or False: Starch is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

Which enzyme breaks down starch into maltose?

Answer 10

Amylase

Question 11

What is the main function of chitin in arthropods and fungi?

Answer 11

Structural support

Question 12

Fill in the blank: Lactose is composed of glucose and __________.

Answer 12

Galactose

Question 13

What is the primary source of dietary fiber in the human diet?

Answer 13

Cellulose

Question 14

Which type of carbohydrate is commonly used as a sweetener in foods and beverages?

Answer 14

Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 15

True or False: Chitin is a type of polysaccharide.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What is the storage form of glucose in plants?

Answer 16

Starch

Question 17

Which type of carbohydrate is the most complex in structure?

Answer 17

Polysaccharides

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Maltose is composed of two molecules of __________.

Answer 18

Glucose

Question 19

What is the primary function of cellulose in plants?

Answer 19

Providing structural support

Question 20

Which type of carbohydrate is commonly used as a thickening agent in food products?

Answer 20

Polysaccharides

Question 21

True or False: Glycogen is the storage form of glucose in plants.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

What is the primary function of glycogen in animals?

Answer 22

Energy storage

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Sucrose is composed of glucose and __________.

Answer 23

Fructose

Question 24

Which type of carbohydrate is the most readily available source of energy for the human body?

Answer 24

Monosaccharides

Question 25

what is starch made up of?

Answer 25

amylose and amylopectin

Question 26

describe the structure of amylose

Answer 26

coiled, alpha glucose, carbon 1-4 glycosidic bonds, found in plants

Question 27

describe the structure of amylopectin

Answer 27

coiled and branched, alpha glucose, 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 28

describe the structure of glycogen

Answer 28

alpha glucose, 1-4 and 1-6 glycosidic bonds, branched and coiled, MORE branches than amylopectin, animals, mainly in liver and muscle cells.

Question 29

describe the structure of cellulose

Answer 29

long straight chains, beta glucose, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, every other glucose monomer is rotated by 180°, H bonds form between chains, strong

Question 30

what is a microfibril?

Answer 30

lots of chains of polysaccharides joined together.

Question 31

uses of chitin?

Answer 31

exoskeletons of insects, cell walls of fungi, crustaceans.

Question 32

what monomer makes up chitin?

Answer 32

beta glucose with an acetyl amide side chain. (contains N)

Question 33

describe the structure of chitin

Answer 33

every other beta glucose is rotated 180°. 1-4 glycosidic bonds. mucopolysaccharide

Question 34

type of glucose in cellulose?

Answer 34

beta

Question 35

type of glucose in starch?

Answer 35

alpha

Question 36

type of glucose in glycogen?

Answer 36

alpha

Question 37

type of glucose in chitin?

Answer 37

beta

Question 38

which polysaccharide has a structure similar to graphite?

Answer 38

cellulose