Structures of Organelles

Question 1

main function of the nucleus

Answer 1

controls the cells activites by controlling the transcription of DNA. The DNA contains instructions to make proteins.

Question 2

describe the appearance of the nucleus

Answer 2

-large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope (a double membrane)
-contains many nuclear pores, allowing substances to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
-contains chromosomes which are made from protein bound linear dna

Question 3

describe the appearance of golgi

Answer 3

-a group of fluid filled membrane bound flattened sacs
-vesicles are seen at the edge of the sacs

Question 4

main function of golgi

Answer 4

processes and packages new lipids and proteins and also makes ribosomes

Question 5

describe the appearance of vesicles

Answer 5

a small fluid filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by a membrane and produced by the Golgi apparatus

Question 6

main function of vesicles

Answer 6

stores lipids and proteins made by the Golgi and transports them out the cell via the cell membrane

Question 7

describe the appearance of lysosomes

Answer 7

-a type of golgi vesicles
-a round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure

Question 8

main function of lysozomes

Answer 8

-contains lysozymes (hydrolytic digestive enzymes)
-used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components or cells that have died

Question 9

describe the appearance of the rough endoplasmic recticulum

Answer 9

a system of membranes enclosing a fluid filled space
the surface is covered with ribosomes(protein synthesis)

Question 10

main function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes

Question 11

describe the appearance of the cell wall

Answer 11

a rigid structure that surround cells in plants, algae and fungi
mainly made of the carbohydrate cellulose

Question 12

what is the cell wall made of in fungi cells

Answer 12

chitin

Question 13

main function of the cell wall

Answer 13

supports and strengthens the cell and prevents them from changing shape

Question 14

describe the appearance of chloroplasts

Answer 14

-small, flattened structure found in plant cells
-has a double membrane
-has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes (stacked up to form grana)
-grana are linked together by lamellae (thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane)

Question 15

main function of chloroplast

Answer 15

site where photosynthesis takes place
some parts happen in the grana and other parts in the stroma (fluid)