Structures of the Digestive System

Question 1

The digestive system primarily contains most of the what?

Answer 1

gastrointestinal tract (GI tract)

Question 2

The upper GI tract consists of what structures?

Answer 2

• Mouth
• Pharynx
• Esophagus
• Stomach

Question 3

The lower GI tract consists of what structures?

Answer 3

• small intestines as needed
• large intestines
• rectum
• anus

Question 4

The oral cavity consists of what structures?

Answer 4

• lips
  *hard and soft palate
• Salivary glands
• Tongue
• Teeth

Question 5

• help hold food in mouth while eating
• important role in breathing, speaking, and expression emotions

Answer 5

Lips

Question 6

• forms the roof of the mouth
• hard ___ is the anterior portion
• soft ____ is the posterior portion
• Uvula

Answer 6

The palate

Question 7

• very strong, flexible and muscular
• important for chewing, speaking, and swallowing

Answer 7

The tongue

Question 8

*upper surface of the tongue
* has small bumps known as papillae that contain taste buds

Answer 8

Dorsum

Question 9

• tissue that lie under the tongue
• highly vascular (containing many blood vessels)

Answer 9

Sublingual surface

Question 10

*band of tissue that attaches the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Answer 10

lingual frenum

Question 11

Known as Dentition

Answer 11

Teeth

Question 12

Incisors

Answer 12

used for biting and tearing

Question 13

Canines

Answer 13

used for biting and tearing

Question 14

Premolars

Answer 14

chewing and grinding

Question 15

Molars

Answer 15

chewing and grinding

Question 16

Primary dentition

Answer 16

baby teeth

Question 17

Permanent dentition

Answer 17

consists of 32 teeth designed to last a lifetime

Question 18

• common passageway for both respiration and digestion
• plays an important role in swallowing (deglutition)
• epiglottis closes the entrance to the trachea to prevent food from entering

Answer 18

The Pharynx

Question 19

• the muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach
• lower _______ sphincter relaxes to let food enter the stomach and closes to prevent back flow

Answer 19

The Esophagus

Question 20

Folds that allow the stomach to increase and decrease in size

Answer 20

Rugae

Question 21

Enzymes and acid in the stomach that aid in the beginning of food digestion

Answer 21

Gastric juices

Question 22

Narrow passage connecting the stomach with the small intestines

Answer 22

Pylorus

Question 23

the small intestine consists of 3 sections where food is digested, and nutrients are absorbed. What are they?

Answer 23

*Duodenum -first portion
* Jejunum - middle portion
* Ileum - middle and longest portion

Question 24

How long is the small intestine?

Answer 24

20 feet

Question 25

*twice as wide and only one-fourth as long as the small intestine * waste products from digestion are processed in preparation for excretion * major parts are the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus

Answer 25

The Large intestines

Question 26

* pouch that lines the right side of the abdomen * the appendix hangs from the lower portion of the ______

Answer 26

Cecum

Question 27

longest portion of the large intestine subdivided into pour parts what are they

Answer 27

Colon -Ascending -transverse -descending -sigmoid

Question 28

*largest organ in the body * Removes toxins from the blood and turns food into fuel * ______ removes excess glucose (Blood sugar) from the bloodstream and stores glycogen * bile is a digestive juice secreted by the _____ and aids in the digestion of fats

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

*pear shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver * stores and concentrates bile for later use

Answer 29

Gallbladder

Question 30

*soft, six inch gland located behind the stomach * plays a role in both the digestive and endocrine systems * secretes _______ juices that aid in digestion and neutralize stomach acid

Answer 30

Pancreas