STS Flashcards by Tyler White

came from the Greek root word “techne”
which means art, skill, and cunning of
hand

Technology

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application of scientific knowledge, laws,
and principles to produce services,
materials, tools, and machines aimed at
solving real-world problems

Technology

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the study of how
cultural values and interests affect
scientific research and technological
innovation and vice versa.

Science, Technology, and Society

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-Is a TWO-EDGED function
-The significant role it plays in the
Philippine nation’s aspiration for
sustainable development is it accelerates
economic growth while minimizing
environmental impact

Science, Technology, and Society

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➢ an accumulated and organized body of
knowledge that is intended to solve realworld problems.
➢ Systematic study of the natural world

Science

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includes all the
technological objects manufactured by
humans.

Technosphere

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“Our society is dependent
solely on science and technology and
without its understanding we are at the
threshold of disaster.”

Carl Sagan

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“Modern science is a
discovery as well as an invention.”

John Heilbron

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Technological tools
enhance a human’s sense or ability and
once amplified make life better.”

Mark Zuckerberg

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discovered the
antibiotic Penicillin

Alexander Fleming

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“Science is NOT the same
as technology”

Lewis Wolpert

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10 Emerging Dilemmas and Policy Issues

Helix
BlessU-2 and Pepper
Emotion-Sensing Facial
Recognition
Ransomware
Textalyzer
Social Credit System
Google clips
Sentencing Software
Friendbot
Citizen App

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digital App Store designed to
read genomes

Helix

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1st
robot
priest and monk

BlessU-2 and Pepper

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software developed to
assess reactions

Emotion-Sensing Facial
Recognition

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holding data storage
thru hacking and requiring ransom to
be paid

Ransomware

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device analyzing
whether driver was using his/her
phone during an accident.

Textalyzer

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system of
scoring citizens through their actions
by placing them under constant
surveillance

Social Credit System

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hands-free camera
that lets the use capture every
moment effortlessly

Google clips

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mysterious
algorithm designed to aid in courts
sentencing decisions

Sentencing Software

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app that stores
deceased’s digital footprint so one can
still “chat” with them

Friendbot

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app that notifies users
of ongoing crimes or major events in
specific area

Citizen App

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means “factors that paved
the way for the presence of advanced and
sophisticated scientific and technological
innovation today”

Antecedent

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➢ Aka Sumerian Wheel
➢ used for field work and food production
➢ a general agreement that this device
grew out of a mechanical device called
the potter’s wheel.

Ancient wheel

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used as sheets for writing and painting

Papyrus

hand-operated device used for lifting water

Shadoof

➢ device used by Egyptians to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.

Antikythera mechanism

➢ ancient invention laid the foundation for the development of complex mathematical calculations and is often considered one of the earliest precursors to modern computing

Antikythera mechanism

A steam-powered turbine which spun when the water container at its center was heated.

Aeolipile

used to cultivate land faster

Sumerian plow

➢ Oldest form of writing ➢ Earliest known writing system developed by the Sumerians ➢ Standardized the 1st writing system

Cuneiform

➢ Distinguished by its wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, the cuneiform script is the oldest form of writing in the world, first appearing even earlier than Egyptian hieroglyphics.

Cuneiform

➢ used by Egyptians for record-keeping ➢ most well-known script used for writing the Egyptian language ➢ some signs are pictures of real-world objects while others are representations of spoken sounds

Hieroglyphics

➢ came form the Greek word hieros ‘sacred’ and gluptien ‘carved in stone’ ➢ well-preserved since they were carved at the walls of the pyramids and other structures.

Hieroglyphics

➢ not only improved agricultural productivity but also had implications for the development of modern machinery and technology ➢ invented during the middle ages

Heavy plough

➢ unintended by-product of attempts made by the Chinese to invent the elixir of life, thus called by Chinese as “huoyao”, roughly translated as “fire potion”.

Gunpowder

➢ The first known versions of paper money can be traced back to the Chinese in the 17th century AD as an offshoot of the invention of block printing, similar to stamping

Paper money

➢ Paved the way for accurately keeping track of time

Mechanical Clock

➢ Machine used for transforming fiber into thread or yarn and eventually woven into cloth on a loom ➢ Note: do not mistake this with the ancient wheel as this is used for clothes while ancient wheel is for transportation

Spinning Wheel

➢ By Zacharias Janssen ➢ Together with his father, experimented with lenses by putting together several lenses on a tube

Compound Microscope

➢ Galileo Galilei ➢ first used the telescope skyward and made important astronomical discoveries and identified the presence of craters and mountains on the moon.

Telescope

➢ By Joseph Marie Jacquard ➢ Simplified textile manufacturing

Jacquard Loom

➢ Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright

Engine-powered airplane

➢ John Logie Baird ➢ Invented during the modern ages

Television (Modern television)

A scientific belief that has been broadly accepted and embraced by the society was challenged and opposed by more credible ideas.

Intellectual revolution

NOTE:

1. Copernican Revolution: 16th century - Nicolaus Copernicus 2. Darwinian Revolution: mid-19th century - Charles Darwin 3. Freudian Revolution: 20th century - Sigmund Freud

formalized his model in the publication of his treatise, De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1543.

Nicolaus Copernicus

- Aka Copernicus Model - Sun is assumed to lie at or near a central point while Earth and other bodies revolve around it

Heliocentric model

- Aka Ptolemaic Model - Note: NOT GEOLOGICAL MODEL don’t be confused - Earth is believed to be the center of the universe while other bodies revolve around it

Geocentric model

➢ most important evolutionary evidence discovered of the finches in the Galapos Island is the finches’ size and shape of beaks which had evolved to be able to survive in acquiring different sources of food ➢ gathered evidence for his theory of natural selection

Charles Darwin

he process by which species evolve through the differential survival and reproduction of organisms with favorable traits

Natural selection

Treatise on science of evolution, “On the Origin of Species”, was published in _________ which began a revolution that brought humanity to a new era of intellectual discovery.

1859

can be likened to Copernican revolution in its demonstration of power of the laws of nature in explaining biological phenomena of survival & reproduction.

Darwinian revolution

➢ focused on psychoanalysis as a school of thought in psychology at the center of this revolution.

Sigmund Freud

The idea of the unconscious mind and repressed desires

Freudian Revolution

primitive and instinctual part of the mind that contains sexual, aggressive drives and hidden memories.

realistic part that mediates between the desires of the id and the super-ego.

Ego

moral conscience

Superego

Instincts

Reality

Ego

Morality

Super Ego

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

-Pre-colonial period -Spanish colonial period -American period

beginning of science and technology in the Philippines

Pre-colonial period

Formal educational system developed

Spanish colonial period

Developments in science and technology during the American regime were focused on agriculture, medicine and pharmacy, food processing, and forestry

American period

➢ National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST) was renamed into the Department of Science and Technology (DOST) ➢ NAST -> DOST

Pres. Corazon Aquino

“Doctors to the Barrio” Program

Pres. Fidel Ramos

➢ RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air Act ➢ RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act

Pres. Joseph Estrada

➢ science and technology sector were developed to strengthen the education system and address poverty.

Pres. Gloria Arroyo

allows the utilization of indigenous materials as a source of energy

RA 9367: Biofuels Act -

coined to refer to the Philippines as an innovation hub in Asia.

Filipinnovation

➢ Named 4 new national scientists in 2014

Pres. Benigno Aquino III

AFMech Law

RA 10601

Marine Biology

Gavino C. Trono

Biological Sciences

Angel C. Alcala

Horticulture

Ramon Barba

Marine Biology

Edgardo D. Gomez

➢ Philippine Space Technology Program which launched Diwata-2 in 2018 after the launch of Diwata-1 in 2016

Pres. Rodrigo Duterte

primary challenge that the Philippines faces in harnessing Science and Technology for national development is the shortage of scientists and engineers

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES AND ENVIRONMENT

STS Flashcards

(79 cards)