STS Midterms Flashcards
(212 cards)
1
Q
it is a broad field of study that is focused in discovering how the nature works and using that knowledge to describe what is likely to happen in nature
A
Science
2
Q
it is based on the assumption that events in the physical world follows orderly _____ and ___ patterns that can be understand through careful observation, measurements, and experimentations.
A
cause and effect patterns
3
Q
what are the 6 steps in scientific method?
A
- make an observation
- make a question
- make a hypothesis
- conduct an experiment
- draw a conclusion
- report your results
4
Q
it is a pursuit of knowledge about the natural world through systematic observation and experimentation. through this, we can develop technology
A
science
5
Q
it is the application of scientific knowledge to into a practical purposes
A
technology
6
Q
science use this in the experimentation process
A
technology
7
Q
it is the SUM TOTAL of our INTERACTIONS as humans, including the interactions that we engage in to figure things out and make things
A
society
8
Q
a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction
A
society
9
Q
a large social group that share the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority or dominant cultural expectations
A
society `
10
Q
how is science and technology affect society?
A
science influences society through its knowledge and world view
11
Q
the ___ and ____ used by the scientists influence the way many thinks about themselves, others, and the environment
A
scientific knowledge and procedures
12
Q
how is science and technology affects society? give me 5
A
- science influences the way people thinks
- it is making our life easier
- science has given us the chance to pursue societal concerns such as ethics, aesthetics, education, and justice
- to create cultures
- to improve human conditions
13
Q
the effect of science in the society is neither ______ nor _____
A
completely beneficial nor completely detrimental
14
Q
the impact of science in the society is ____. but society also influences science
A
evident
15
Q
how does society affects science?
A
the society values and beliefs affects what scientists will study and how they do it. the way society thinks and acts shapes how science is done and what questions asked.
16
Q
science to society
A
seeks to improve
17
Q
science to technology
A
inform
18
Q
society to science
A
demands more
19
Q
technology to science
A
demands more
20
Q
because of science, society?
A
benefits from
21
Q
because of science, technology?
A
makes life easier
22
Q
it is the use or application of scientific knowledge for specific purposes
A
technology
23
Q
what are the 8 ancient periods? from oldest to the latest
A
- sumerian civilization
- babylonian civilization
- egyptian civilization
- greek civilization
- roman civilization
- chinese civilization
- medieval or middle age
- modern times
24
Q
improvements in the field of science and technology are products of __________ or ___________ of the earlier works
A
products of people’s imagination or
gradual improvements of the earlier works
25
in ancient time, people were concerned about:
TWCCE
transportation
weapons and armors
communication
conservation of life
engineering and architecture
26
out of necessity, people from ancient times were able to ____ and _____ things that would impact the lives of modern people
discover and invent things
27
location: southernmost tip of the ancient Mesopotamia (Tigris-Euphrates River)
Sumerian civilization
28
the Sumerian civilization flourished between what BCE
4100- 1750 BCE
29
they are known for their high degree of cooperation and the desire for great things
Sumerians
30
the first writing system which utilizes pictures and triangular symbols carved on clay and left to dry.
Cuneiform
31
the great ziggurat of ur is also known as the
mountain of God
32
the great ziggurat was constructed using
sunbaked bricks
33
Showcases elaborate and intricate Sumerian architecture and the remarkable technology used to build it
the Great Ziggurat of Ur
34
during the Sumerian civilization, these systems were used to bring water from the rivers to areas with scare water supply allowing year-long farming and harvesting.
Irrigation System
35
Were to control flood from the rivers
Dikes
36
some sources attributed this invention to the Sumerians.
it is essential in transportation and trading as well as in fostering culture, information, and technology.
Sailboat
37
invented this in the later part of their history since tools were already available.
It is used for farm work and food processes. Farmers were able to mill grains with less effort in less time allowing for mass production.
wheels
38
– used in farm cultivation
- Farmers can dig the ground at a faster pace allowing them to plant seeds much faster
- Can cultivate larger parcels of land and increase food production without taking so much time and effort
the plow
39
to facilitate faster and easier travel by organizing the traffic
roads
40
the roads are made up of
sunbaked blocks covered with bitumen
41
- Very useful during the rainy seasons, when traveling in soft and muddy roads is difficult
roads
42
Babylonian civilization emerged
near the Tigris-Euphrates River
43
Became a great military under King Hammurabi
Babylonian Civilization
44
King Hammurabi ruled from
1792-1750 BCE
45
They are know to be great builders, engineers, and architects
Babylon
46
can be marveled from stories of historians and painting that portrays the place since no physical evidence has been found to prove its existence
the hanging garden of Babylon
47
what are some of the contribution of Sumerians
1. cuneiform
2. great ziggurat of ur
3. irrigation and dikes
4. sailboats
5. wheel
6. the plow
7. roads
48
According to the legends, the great Babylonian King __________ II built the garden for his wife, Queen ______
King Nebuchadnezzar II to Queen Amytis
49
- Located in North Africa
Egyptian Civilization
50
Egyptian Civilization flourished on
3100-525 BCE
51
- Is a plant that grows abundantly near the Nile River in Egypt
- Made writing a lot easier
Paper or Papyrus
52
these were used before papyrus
clay tablets
53
since engraving ceased to be used in writing, and alongside with the invention of paper or papyrus, ____ for writing is necessary
ink
54
how to make ink? by combining?
soot with different chemicals
55
-ink is used to record
history, culture, and codified laws
56
ink should be _____ and should ______ the elements of nature
tamper proof and should withstand the elements of nature
57
is a system of writing developed by the Egyptians which uses symbols
Hieroglyphics
58
Remains of this writing can still be seen todays and remains to be as famous as the pyramids where they are found
Hieroglyphics
59
- Hieroglyphics was the ______ that tells the modern world about the history and culture of the ancient Egypt
language
60
– invented the use of this
- For health and aesthetic purposes
Cosmetics
61
- Wore _____ around the eyes to prevent and even cure eye disease
Kohl
62
- Believe that wearing make -up protects from ____ and that beauty was a sign of ______.
evil and holiness
63
- Today, cosmetic industry is a ______ industry
multi-billionaire
64
at present, _______ enhance the appearance of the people who are balding or try new hair trends
wig
65
- In ancient Egyptian times, the wigs were used to _____________ of wealthy Egyptians from the harmful rays of the sun
protect the shaved head
66
utilizes gravity that affects the flow of the water from one vessel to the other. In the process, time is measured.
water clock or clepsydra
67
- Was used as a time keeping device
water clock or clepsydra
68
is an archipelago in the southeastern part in Egypt
Greece
69
Greek civilization flourished on
1200-323 BCE
70
when was the death of alexander the great
323 BCE
71
Greece was known to be the
birthplace of modern philosophy
72
Greeks have in depth works on _____ and _____
philosophy and mathematics
73
More than coliseum and the Olympics, the Greek civilization contributed much to the world, especially in the fields of __________
science and technology
74
used large complicated mechanisms to time the alarm
alarm clock
75
the alarm clock used?
water, small stones or sand
76
Purpose was to tell an individual when to start and stop
alarm clock
77
used in agricultural processes for milling of grains
water mills
78
The history of the roman empire can be divided in to 3 distinct periods:
The period of kings
republican Rome
imperial Rome
79
the period of kings time
625-510 BC
80
republican Rome time
510-31 BC
81
imperial Rome time
31 BC - AD 476
82
Roman civilization - Considered to be the cradle ______ and ________ during that period
politics and government
83
contained announcements of the roman empire to the people
newspaper
84
– first newspaper, known as the ____
gazettes
85
- Made before the invention of paper, announcements were engraved on _________ or _________
metal or stone tablets
86
- The invention of paper made ______ of these gazettes a lot easier
publication
87
- stacking of papyrus to form pages bound together, providing covers to protect the papyrus were the first __________ or ______
bound book or codex
88
considered the continuous Greek architecture, hence, the resemblance
Roman Architecture
89
number system to address the need for a standard counting method
Roman Numerals
90
- Legends claim that the earliest rulers in China were the _______, from ______-______ BC
Xia Dynasty from 2100-1600 BC
91
Considered to be the oldest civilization in Asia, if not the world
Chinese dynasty
92
The Chinese dynasty was also known as the
middle kingdom
93
Chinese dynasty made famous because of its _____ trade
silk trade
94
connected east China to the world making way for cultural, economic, and scientific exchanges.
silk
95
- Used silk, from ________, to produce ___ and _____
silkworms for clothing and paper towels
96
made from shredded dried tea leaves
tea production
97
Used as a product in trade aside from silk
A famous beverage in the world today
tea production
98
the only man-made structure visible from the outer space
to control the borders of China and keep invaders out
The Great Wall of China
99
today, some sections are ruin, it is still a world attraction due to its _______ and ______
historical significance and architectural grandeur
100
Originally developed by a Chinese alchemist to attain immortality but accidentally developed a black powder
gunpowder
101
is also used in fireworks during important celebrations in China
gun powder
102
Medieval or Middle Age flourished around
500-1500 CE
103
* Tainted with massive invasions and migrations
middle age
104
Wars were prevalent during medieval, and technological advancement for _____, _______, _________, and ______is needed
weaponry, navigation, mass food and farm production, and health
105
* During the latter part of the period, there was a significant increase of population, ____ and ______ among nations increase resulting to greater demand for _________technology
trade and commerce; transportation technology
106
Printing press was invented by
Johannes Gutenberg
107
Printing press soon evolved to become the
mechanical printing press
108
Used to address the need for publishing books that would spread information
printing press
109
used to magnify things invisible to the eye
microscope
110
was the first to develop the first compound microscope
Zacharias Janssen
111
the microscope was key in discovering new means of _____ and _____ various illnesses
preventing and curing
112
War Weapons – development of cross bows and long bows, iron body armors and the chainmail
war weapons
113
middle age is also known as the _______ , the need for navigational instrument was high
age of exploration
114
Together with telescope, the invention of _____, _____, and ________ made sea travel easier and safer
compass, oars, and rudders
115
The booming world in the 19th century onwards demanded for ________ at a faster rate
production of more goods and services
116
The booming world in the 19th century onwards demanded:
production
transportation
animal operating
communication
connections
demanded for production of more goods at a faster rate
- People needed efficient means of transportation
- Animal operating processes needs to be upgraded
- Faster and easier communication
- Establishment of connections between and among countries
117
the needs in the modern times resulted in the development of ______
industry
118
the development of industry resulted the modern times were _________ with _______
faced with complicated problems
119
a process in foods such as milk and fruit juices are treated with mild heat to eliminate pathogens and increase shelf life
pasteurization
120
petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into other products
petroleum refinery
121
petroleum (crude oil) is transformed and refined into: _____,_____, and _______
gasoline, kerosene, and other products
122
* It is used to power automobiles, factories, power plants, among others
petroleum or crude oil
123
* At first, people used _________ for generating light
animal oil
124
invented by alexander graham bell
telephone
125
Maintains connection for ______ and ______ by communicating in real time
trade and exploration
126
The government needed communication system to allow them to ______ their _____ ____
administer their state affairs
127
History of Science and Technology in the Philippines
1. Pre-colonial Period
2. Spanish Colonial Period
3. American Period
4. Post Commonwealth Era
128
- Natives in the archipelago already had practices related to science and technology
pre-colonial period
129
examples of the natives practices in the pre-colonial period
a. Aware about herbal medicine and how to extract it
b. Alphabet
c. Numerical system
d. Weighing and measuring system
e. Calendar
f. Engaged in farming, ship building, mining, and weaving.
g. Trade
130
- Colonization contributes to the growth of science and technology in the archipelago
Spanish colonization period
131
Spanish colonization contributions?
introduced formal education system
galleon trade
opening of the Suez canal
filipinos being able to study in europe
132
a. Progress of science and technology continued under American rule, it was inclined towards _______ , ________ , ______ , and _____
agriculture, food processing, medicine and pharmacy.
133
American period - not much focus on the development of _____________
industrial technology
134
during American period, economy was geared towards _______ and ____
agriculture and trade
135
b. Bureau of Government Laboratory was established in _____
1901
136
The bureau of government laboratory replaced the _________ which was established under Spanish colonial era
Laboratorio Municipal
137
This bureau dealt with the study of_______ and _________
tropical diseases and laboratory projects
138
In ______ the bureau of government laboratory was replaced with the bureau of science which was later replaced by the ________ in 1946.
1905; institute of science
139
This bureau became the primary research center in the Philippines until WW II
Institute of Science
140
what date was the National Research Council of the Philippines established.
December 8, 1833
141
e. During President Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed the -___________ which established the National Science Development Board
Science Act of 1958
142
Under President Marcos, the _______ of science grew
importance
143
- Under the ___________, the government’s role in supporting the scientific research and invention was acknowledged
1973 Philippine Constitution
144
In 1974, a ____________ was included in the government’s Four-Year Development Plan which covers the years ____ - _____
science development program ; 1974-1978
145
- Funding for science was also increased in this era
post commonwealth era
146
The national science development board was replaced by the national science and technology authority under Executive Order No. ____
Executive Order No. 784
147
In 1986, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the _______________, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet.
Department of Science and Technology
148
-Under the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan for the years 1987-1992, the science and technology’s role in ______ and _______ was highlighted
economic recovery and sustained economic growth
149
According to Pres. Corazon Aquino during her State of the Nation Address, she said that science and technology development shall be ___________ of the government towards an economic recovery
one of the top three priorities
150
In 1988, Pres. Corazon Aquino created the __________ which came up with the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP).
Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology
151
The plan was for the Philippines to _____________ by the year 2000.
achieve newly industrialized country status
152
funding for the science and technology sector tripled from____ million to _____ billion in 1992.
464 million to 1.7 billion
153
Influences in the Development of Science & Technology in the Philippines:
Internal Influences:
1.
2.
3.
External Influences
1.
2.
3.
Internal Influences
* Survival
* Cultural
* Economic Activities
External Influences
* Foreign Colonizers
* Trades with foreign countries
* International Economic Demands
154
Factors that influence the development of Filipino Scientist:
* Individual interest + family + natural environment + school science (TEACHERS AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT) + science laboratories (real life context) = Filipino Scientist
155
Filipino Scientists and their Contribution to Society
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. Diosdado P. Banatao
2. Fe del Mundo
3. Abelardo Aguilar
4. Angel C. Alcala
156
- An engineer
- Considered as the “Bill Gates of the Philippines”
- From Malabbac, Iguig, Cagayan
Diosdado P. Banatao
157
what did diosdado banatao create?
- Created the PC chipset and the Windows Graphics accelerator chip, which can be found in every personal computer today
158
- A pediatrician
- Declared as the national scientist of the Philippines in 1980
- Born in Manila
Fe del Mundo
159
what did fe del mundo create?
- Devised an incubator made out of bamboo, designed for use in rural communities without electrical power
160
- A doctor from Iloilo City
Abelardo Aguilar
161
what did abelardo aguilar discovered?
- Discovered erythromycin in 1949 from isolated micro-organisms found in soil samples collected in Iloilo
162
hwo does erythtomycin work?
* Used to treat several infections
163
- A biologist
- Declared National Scientist in the Philippines in 2014
Angel C. Alcala
164
Mr. Angel C. Alcala is known for?
- Known for his work on herpetology, and pioneered establishments of no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) in the 1970s for preserving marine biodiversity
165
Discoveries and inventions in S & T were due to human needs and wants of:
– Transportation
– Communication
– Weapons & armors
– Conservation of life
– Engineering & architecture
– Aesthetics
166
Advancement in Science and Technology have also changed people’s _____ and ______
perceptions and beliefs
167
Copernicus publication ___________ in _______ is often cited as the beginning of the scientific revolution
“On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spears in 1543
168
what are the 3 revolutions?
Copernican revolution
Darwinian Revolution
Freudian Revolution
169
* Born: 1473-1543
* Polish Mathematician and Astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus
170
Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the concept ?
known as “heliocentrism” suggesting that the sun was the center of the solar system
171
was imprisoned because of preaching the heliocentrism
Galileo Galilei
172
how many did it took for the church to believe the heliocentrism concept?
350 years
173
* Born in England
Charles Darwin
174
what was the concept that Charles Darwin introduced in 1859
On the Origins of Species by Means of Natural Selection
175
Two major points that Darwin Proposed:
1. Argued from evidence that species were not specially made in their present forms but have evolved from ancestral species.
2. A population of organism can change over time as a result of individuals with certain heritable traits. These individuals leave more offsprings than the other individuals.
176
Proposed a mechanism for evolution:
NATURAL SELECTION
177
According to him, - Each rung in the ladder of life was allotted to a living form and all were occupied
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
178
- The view that species are fixed or permanent and did not evolve held for ______ years.
2000 years
179
he said that evolution is real and God is no wizard
“Evolution in nature is not in contrast with the notion of creation”
Pope Francis
180
* Born in 1856-1939
* Australian Neurologist
* Founder of Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
181
Psychoanalysis designates concomitantly three things:
1. A method of investigating the mind and especially the unconscious mind
2. A therapy of neurosis inspired by the above method
3. A new self-standing discipline based on the knowledge gained from the application of the investigation method and clinical experiments
182
THESE THREE ARE JUST SOME OF THE MANY IDEAS THAT TRANSFORMED AND MOLDED ______ and ___________
SOCIETIES AND BELIEFS
183
THE CHANGE THEY BROUGHT TO THE _______ AND _______ OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY AND THE PUBLIC ARE EVIDENCE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY’S LINK TO HUMANITY
PERSPECTIVES and PERCEPTIONS
184
THROUGH _____ and _______, PEOPLE WILL CONTINUE TO DEEPEN THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF THE WORLD AND THE UNIVERSE
RESEARCH AND EXPEIMENTATION,
185
________ as a way of revealing
Technology
186
-Sept. 26, 1889 – May 26, 1976
-German Philosopher
Martin Heidegger
187
in what years was “The question concerning technology “
1953
188
what are the 6 major points of Heidegger ?
1. We tend to think technology as an instrument, a means of getting things done.
2. Humanity’s orientation to the world takes the form of an enframing which views the world only as “standing reserve”, a source of raw materials
3. Enframing is the essence of technology
4. What do we do to save ourselves from the consequences of enframing?
5. The art of ancient Greek culture, according to Heidegger, expresses humanity’s sense of connectedness with all Being.
6. We ponder technology and question it. In so doing, we also become aware of the crisis we have plunged the earth into.
189
Village of the Water Mills by
Akira Kurosawa
190
what is the title of the article of jason Hickel?
Forget developing poor countries, its time to dedevelop rich countries
191
* According to Aristotle, ________
is the highest human good for human being; pursuit of becoming a better person
Eudaimonia
192
- An anthropologist
- An author
- A fellow of the royal society of arts
- Professor in a university
Dr. Jason Hickel
193
objective to develop; to become a develop country
developing country
194
article generated with a lot of criticism; one of the suggested resources by CHED.
Forget developing poor countries, its time to dedevelop rich countries
195
1. Growth isn’t an option anymore, we already ______
grown too much
196
2. We are overshooting our biocapacity for more than ____ % each year
50%
197
the capacity of the ecosystems to produce useful biological materials and to absorb waste materials by the humans
Biocapacity
197
arises when the ecological footprint of a given population surpasses the biocapacity of the region or the planet it occupies
- Biocapacity deficit -
198
measuring how much nature we use
- Ecological footprint -
199
biocapacity is the ____ while the ecological footprint is the ____
supply; demand
200
refers go area and bio productivity
* Biocapacity –
201
refers to the population, consumption per person, and footprint capacity
Ecological Footprint
202
using too much
* Footprint intensity –
203
* People living below 5 dollars a day is increasing yet te economy is increasing by _____%
380
204
In 1990 it would have caused ___% of the world to lift everyone above poverty life
10.5%
205
In 2013, __% of the world to lift everyone above poverty life
3.3%
206
Our capacity to end poverty has been proved by a factor of ___
3.18
207
* It should be ____ global hectare or below per person if we want to have a sustainable use of our resources
1.8
208
* In developing country, path to ____ or __________
destruction or saving opportunity
209
Its just a matter of in relation to development _____ - developing a country without destruction
taking strategies
210
Gear towards ___ rather than ____
quality rather than quantity
211
Either we _________ or ________ will do it for us
slow down voluntarily or the climate change
