STS - terms and concepts in science, technology, and society I Flashcards
(32 cards)
COMPLETE + FIND THE TERM
the ____ that the _____ and ____ of ______ should reflect the ___, ____, ____, and ____ conditions of the ____ into which they are to be _____
- idea
- design and selection of technologies
- social, economic, cultural, and ecological conditions
- society -> introduced
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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refers to _____, _____, ______ technologies that are _____ to local and independent use in energy-poor, labor rich, less developed countries
low energy, labor-intensive, easy to understand and use
conductive
APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY
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the theory that _____ has a ___ of its _____ and ____ ____ of ___ ___
- technology has a life of its own
- develops independently of human control
AUTONOMOUS TECHNOLOGY
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_____-cell organisms and most ____ ____ of ___ on Earth
- single-cell organisms
- most prevalent form of life
BACTERIA
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the _____ ____ and _____, and their _____, that constitutes the _____ ____ for ____ ___ and sometimes _____ it
- natural matter and technics, and their configuration
- material environment for human behaviour
- influences
BEHAVIOUR SETTING
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a phrase that points up the facts that since _______ ____ ___, ___ ____ has _____ involved ____, ____, ____, and _____ on a large scale
- world war 2
- scientific research
- increasingly involved money, personnel, organization, and equipment
BIG SCIENCE
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a phrase that points up the facts that since about the ______ century, ___ ____ has _____ involved ____, ____, ____, and _____ on a large scale
+ without the stated sources, much such activity is?
- mid-19th
- technological activity
- increasingly involved money, personnel, organization, and equipment
impossible
BIG TECHNOLOGY
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a property of ____ or ____ that refers to their ____ as food because they can be _____ by organisms
- molecules or chemicals
- usefulness
- metabolized
BIODEGRADABLE
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The collective ___ and _____ of all ___ of life
- richness and variety of all forms
BIODIVERSITY
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A model of the ______ process that _____ the ____ of ____ starting points for and multiple ___ ___ with ____ ___ to ____ ____
- innovation process that stresses the existence of diverse
- indirect pathways with feedback loops to technological innovation
CHAIN-LINKED MODEL INNOVATION
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the general ___ or ____ of everyday ____ that ___ and ____ ___ living in a particular _____, and is substantially _____ by ____ and ____ _____ and ____
- texture or fabric of everyday existence
- that confronts and affects individuals living in a particular society
- and is substantially influenced by scientific and technological innovations and activities
CHARACTER OF EVERYDAY LIFE
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Technology used to _____ the _____ of ______ between _____ and ______ over both ______ and _______
- extend the transmission of information
- individuals and groups
- distance and time
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
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ones in which the ____ and ___ of ____ and ____ hinge exclusively on their ____ _____
- the rightness and wrongness of actions and policies
- estimated consequences
CONSEQUENTIALIST ETHICAL THEORIES
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the ______ setting in which ____ and _____ activities unfold and that ____ and is ____ by their ____ and ____
- social-cum-natural setting in which scientific and technological
- affects and is affected by their processes and products
CONTEXT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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a process in which ____ or more ___ exhibit _____ ____ of ____or _____ in some or all ____ of ____ ____
A process in which two or more cultures exhibit increasing similarity of content or structure in some Or all dimensions of social life.
CULTURAL CONVERGENCE
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A society’s ____ viewed as a ___ of ___ ____ ___ or ____
A society’s culture viewed as a complex of interacting background factors or elements.
CULTURAL SYSTEM
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often grouped into ____ sectors, which are??
4 sectors
1. ideational
2. societal
3. material
4. personality-behavioural subsystems
CULTURAL SYSTEM
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a group’s or society’s ___ ____ and ___ ___ of ___, comprising its…. (10)
total inherited and transmitted way of life
1. characteristics ideas
2. values
3. world views
4. institutions
5. roles
6. social structures
7. material artifacts
8. ways of making things
9. personality traits
10. behavior patterns and settings
CULTURE
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refers to the ____ unfolding in a ___ ___ that is both _____ by its ____ and _____ culture as well
- behaviour ufolding
- social unit
- influences by its culture and influences culture as well
CULTURE
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the theory that ___ is a (3 characteristics), involving a _____ ____ of ___ ___ of ___… (4)
these stages apply not only to the ______
involved in….? , but also to the…?
- inventions are a CUMULATIVE, SYNTHETIC, SOCIAL PROCESS
- involving a genetic sequence of 4 stages of novelty:
1. the perception of a problem
2. the setting of the stage for the solving of the problem
3. the occurrence of a critical act of insight
4. critical revision - processes
- realizing the issues in a particular notable invention
- processes involved in realizing each of the prior strategic inventions that set the stage for its realization
CUMULATIVE SYNTHESIS THEORY OF INVENTION
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ones in which the ____ and ___ of ____ and ____ hinge on ____, other than their _____ ____
- rightness and wrongness of actions and policies
- consideration other than estimated consequences
DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICAL THEORIES
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a result of a ___ ____ _______ in which a ____, partly because of _______ _____, is __ ______ called upon to _____ ____ ____ ____
- new work situation in which a worker
- technological change
- is no longer called upon to exercise previously utilized skills
DESKILLING
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this term is sometimes used to claim that because of the _____ of ___ _____ ____, workers must utilize ____ or ____ skills under the _____ _____
- introductions of new workplace technologies
- fewer or “lower” skills under the previous regimes
DESKILLING
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- abbreviation for DNA
- makes up the ___ ____ of each cell
- made of _____ ____ of base pairs that ____ and ____ the ____ ___ of the ____ sequence during ___ _____ or ____ _____
- Deoxy-Ribonucleic Acid
- genetic component
- 2 forms
- determine and control the accurate copying of the nucleotide sequence during cell division or protein biosynthesis
