Stuarts Flashcards
(21 cards)
Who was king in 1603?
James I (scruffy stuart) after Elizabeth I died. He was also James VI of Scotland.
Who was John Whynniard and when did he die?
Allowed Thomas Percy to rent his cellar under the Thames and he died 5th November 1605.
What was the Divine Right of Kings?
The belief that monarchs were chosen by God and should not be questioned.
What was the Gunpowder Plot?
It happened in 1605. A failed attempt by Catholic plotters to blow up Parliament and kill James I.
Who led the Gunpowder Plot?
Guy Fawkes and Robert Catesby.
Why was the Gunpowder Plot important?
It increased distrust of Catholics and led to stricter anti-Catholic laws.
Who was Charles I?
Son of James I and King during English Civil War.
Why did Charles I clash with Parliament?
He tried to rule without them and raised taxes without approval.
What was the “Personal Rule”?
A period when Charles I ruled without calling Parliament.
What was Ship Tax?
A tax that Charles I tried to collect without Parliament’s permission.
What was the English Civil War?
A war between King Charles I’s supporters (Royalists) and Parliament’s supporters (Parliamentarians) from 1642 to 1651.
What were the 2 sides in the Civil War called?
Royalists (Cavaliers) and Parliamentarians (Roundheads).
Who led the Parliamentarian army?
Oliver Cromwell.
Why did Parliament clash with James I and Charles I?
They both wanted money and power, while Parliament wanted to limit their power.
What caused the English Civil War (4pts)?
- Charles was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings.
- Charles married a French Catholic.
- He made costly military mistakes against the French (needs money).
- Ship tax.
What happened to King Charles I after the war?
He was put on trial and executed in 1649.
What type of government ruled England after the execution of Charles I?
A republic called the Commonwealth, led by Oliver Cromwell.
What title did Oliver Cromwell take in 1653?
Lord Protector.
What happened after Cromwell’s death?
The monarchy was restored in 1660 with Charles II.
What was the Restoration?
The return of the monarchy in 1660 when Charles II became King.
What is a civil war?
A war between the same countries (within it).
