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Student formulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Acetylcysteine ADRs

A
  • Anaphylactoid reactions

- Asthma

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2
Q

Acyclovir ADRs

A
  • Eye inflammation / irritation (topical use)
  • GI disturbance (oral use)
  • Neurological reactions (in elderly patients / systemic use)
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3
Q

Indications for adenosine

A

Supraventricular tachycardia

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4
Q

Adenosine ADRs

A
  • Atrioventricular block
  • Arrhythmias
  • Abdo / chest discomfort
  • Anxiety
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5
Q

Route of administration of adenosine

A

IV bolus

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6
Q

Adrenaline ADRs

A
  • Anxiety
  • Arrhythmias
  • Dry mouth
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7
Q

Cautions for adrenaline

A

Atherosclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, cor pulmonale

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8
Q

Alteplase indications

A

MI (second line to PCI)

Massive PE

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9
Q

Alteplase ADRs

A
  • Haemorrhage (including stroke)

- Anaphylactic reactions

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10
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

VT, VF, BCT, AF and SVT

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11
Q

Half life of amiodarone

A

Long

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12
Q

Amiodarone ADRs

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Thyroid toxicity
  • Torsade de pointes (potentially fatal arrhythmia)
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13
Q

Cautions in amiodarone

A

Iodine sensitivity or thyroid disease

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14
Q

Amitriptyline indications

A

Neuropathic pain
Migraine prophylaxis
Major depression (not first line)

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15
Q

Amitriptyline MOA

A

Inhibition of serotonin and noradrenaline transporters. Increased halflife of these neurotransmitters in synaptic cleft leads to therapeutic effects observed.

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16
Q

Amitriptyline ADRs

A
  • Anticholinergic syndrome
  • Drowsiness
  • QT prolongation
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17
Q

Amitriptyline cautions

A

Arrhythmias
Heart block
Mania

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18
Q

Amlodipine MOA

A

Ca channel blocker. Causes vasodilation and some negative chronotropy and inotropy

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19
Q

Amlodipine ADRs

A
  • Ankle swelling
  • Constipation
  • Flushing
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20
Q

Amlodipine cautions

A

Decompensating heart failure (contraindication)
Aortic stenosis
Elderly (can exacerbate postural hypotension)

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21
Q

Amoxicillin ADRs

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Hypersensivity
  • Skin reactions
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22
Q

Amoxicillin ADRs

A

Hypersensitivity

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23
Q

Beclomethasone ADRs

A

Cushings, immunosupression, opportunistic oral infection

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24
Q

Bendroflumethiazide ADRs

A
  • Hypokalaemia (increased urinary Na+ drives K+ secretion)
  • Hypochloraemic alkalosis
  • Postural hypotension
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25
Bendroflumethiazide in elderly patients
Consider lower dose
26
Conditions that may be worsened by bendroflumethiazide
Diabetes, gout, SLE
27
Bisoprolol ADRs
- Peripheral coldness - Bradycardia - Sleep disturbances
28
Bisoprolol cautions
Asthma (contraindicated) Cardiogenic shock (contraindicated) Hypotension / bradycardia
29
Bromocriptine indications
- Reduces symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) - Prevention or suppression of lactation - Slows progression of acromegaly
30
Bromocriptine MOA
Dopamine receptor agonist
31
Bromocriptine ADRs
- Constipation - Drowsiness - Headache - Impulse control disorders
32
Bupivacaine ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Dizziness - CNS toxicity (at high dose)
33
Cautions in antacids
Hypophosphatemia (contraindication) Sarcoidosis Kidney stones
34
Cabergoline MOA
Dopamine agonist
35
Cabergoline indications
Inhibition of lactation | Parkinsons
36
Cabergoline ADRs
- Angina (like symptoms) - Cardiac valvulopathy - Asthenia (and fatigue)
37
Cabergoline cautions
- Caution if cardiovascular risks/disease - Caution if significant mental health disorder (e.g., psychosis) - Caution if history of peptic ulcers
38
Candesartan cautions
- Contra-indicated if renal artery stenosis - Caution if history of angioedema - Caution in black patients (lack of efficacy)
39
Carbamazepine indications
Seizure prophylaxis Neuropathic pain Bipolar prophylaxis
40
Carbamazepine ADRs
- Drowsiness - Diplopia - Dizziness
41
Carbamazepine cautions
- cardiac disease - May exacerbate absence seizures - acute porphyria (contraindication)
42
Carbimazole ADRs
Skin rashes, agranulocytosis
43
Carbimazole cautions
Severe haematological disorders
44
Association between cetirizine and drowsiness
Low
45
Citalopram ADRs
- Anxiety - Appetite disturbances - Arrhythmias
46
Citalopram cautions
Prolonged QT Poorly controlled epilepsy Mania
47
Clarithromycin class
Macrolide antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor
48
Clarithromycin ADRs
- Decreased appetite - Diarrhoea - GI disturbances - Prolonged QT - May aggravate myasthenia gravis
49
Clopidogrel ADRs
- Haemorrhage - Diarrhoea / GI disturbances - Skin reactions
50
Clotrimazole indication
Thrush
51
Clotrimazole ADRs
- Skin reaction (topical use) - Discomfort (if used vaginally) - Pain (local to area)
52
Clotrimazole cautions
Use with caution intravaginally in young females
53
Clozapine ADRs
- Agitation - QT elongation - Weight gain - Constipation - Agranulocytosis
54
Cyclizine MOA
Antihistamine
55
Cyclizine ADRs
Dry mouth | Drowsiness
56
Cyclizine cautions
Epilepsy | Glaucoma (or family history of glaucoma)
57
Cyclophosphamide ADRs
- Agranulocytosis - Alopecia - Anaemia
58
Dabigatran ADRs
- Abnormal hepatic function | - Haemorrhage (rarer than with ‘older’ anticoagulants)
59
Dapagliflozin ADRs
- UTI (due to presence of glucose in urine) - DKA (discontinue immediately) - Hypoglycaemia
60
Dapagliflozin cautions
High risk of DKA (e.g. previous DKA) | Elderly (risk of fluid depletion)
61
Diazepam MOA
Binds to GABA receptors
62
Diazepam ADRs
- Confusion - Muscle weakness - Paradoxical effects (e.g., increased aggression or anxiety)
63
Diazepam indications
Anxiety, panic, muscular spasm, restless leg
64
Cautions in diazepam
Personality disorders | Monitor for paradoxical effects
65
Digoxin indiactions
AF, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure
66
Digoxin ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Nausea & vomiting - Confusion & hallucination
67
How is digoxin excreted?
Renally
68
Diltiazem indication
hypertension
69
Diltiazem MOA
Ca channel blocker
70
Diltiazem ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Constipation - GI discomfort
71
Diltiazem cautions
Elderly (may cause hypotension) AV block Decompensating heart failure (contraindication)
72
Dobutamine MOA
Activation of cardiac beta adrenoceptors (positive inotrope and chronotrope
73
Dobutamine indications
Cardiogenic shock Some cardiomyopathies Stress testing
74
Dobutamine ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Hypertension - Headaches
75
Drugs to stop before giving dobutamine
Beta blockers
76
Domperidone indication
N&V
77
Domperidone MOA
Dopamine antagonist
78
Domperidone ADRs
- Dry mouth - Hyperprolactinaemia - Asthenia (infrequent)
79
Donepezil indication
Mild to moderate Alzhemiers
80
Donepezil MOA
Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor
81
Donepezil ADRs
- Aggression - Agitation - Decreased appetite
82
Doxazocin MOA
alpha blocker
83
Doxazocin indication
BPH
84
Doxazocin ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Asthenia - Dry mouth
85
Doxorubicin MOA
Topoisomerase inhibitor
86
Doxorubicin ADRs
- Alopecia - Anaemia - Cardiomyopathy*
87
Tests prior to doxorubicin
Echo
88
Doxycycline MOA
Tetracycline antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor
89
Doxycycline ADRs
- Angioedema - Diarrhoea - Headache
90
Doxycycline cautions
Myasthenia, SLE
91
Esomeprazole ADRs
- Abdominal pain - Gastrointestinal disturbance - Increased risk of fractures in the elderly - Increased risk of GI infections
92
Evolocumab indication
Hypercholesterolaemia
93
Evolocumab MOA
Increases cholesterol clearance from blood by blocking LDL degradation
94
Evolocumab ADRs
- Arthralgia - Back pain - Hypersensitivity reaction
95
Evolocumab route of administration
SC
96
Exenatide MOA
GLP-1 mimetic
97
Exenatide ADRs
- Risk of ketoacidosis if used in combination with insulin - Appetite & GI disturbances - Skin reactions
98
Antidote to fentanyl
Naloxone
99
Fentanyl contraindication
- Contra-indicated if coma or head injury or raised ICP | - Contra-indicated if acute respiratory depression
100
Flecainide indications
SVT or VT
101
Flecainide ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Asthenia - Dizziness
102
Flecainide cautions
Severe LV dysfunction or structural heart disease
103
Fluconazole ADRs
- GI disturbances - Headache - Skin reactions
104
Fluconazole indication
Candidal infection
105
Fluconazole cuations
Acute porphyria | Long QT
106
Fluoxetine ADRs
- Anxiety - Appetite disturbances - Arrhythmias
107
Fluoxetine cautions
- Caution if poorly controlled epilepsy - Caution or contraindicated if prolonged QT interval on ECG - Contra-indicated if patient in manic phase
108
Fondaparinux ADRs
- Anaemia | - Haemorrhage
109
Monitoring of furosemide
Monitor K+
110
Gabapentin indications
Neuropathic pain Focal seizures Unlicensed - anxiety
111
Gabapentin ADRs
- Anxiety - GI disturbances - Nystagmus - Respiratory depression
112
Gemeprost indications
Termination of pregnancy | Reduction of obstetric bleeding
113
Gemeprost route of administration
Usually vaginal
114
Gemeprost MOA
Prostaglandin E1 analogue which stimulates uterine contractions and ripens cervix
115
Gemeprost ADRs
- Uterine rupture (rare) - Back and/or chest pain - Headache
116
Gemeprost cautions
Cervicitis, raised intraocular pressure, uterine scarring, placenta praevia
117
Gentamicin MOA
Glycopeptide antibiotic, protein synthesis inhibitor
118
Gentamicin ADRs
- Skin reactions - Tinnitus - Ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity
119
Gentamicin contraindication
Myasthenia gravis, neonates
120
Gliclazide ADRs
- Hypoglycaemia - Abdominal pain - Diarrhoea - Weight gain
121
GTN ADRs
- Flushing - Headaches - Arrhythmias - Tolerance
122
GTN cautions
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis
123
Heparin ADRs
- Haemorrhage - Thrombocytopaenia - Skin reactions
124
How is heparin efficacy monitored?
APTT
125
Hydralazine use
anti-hypertensive
126
Hydralazine cautions
- Contra-indicated if acute porphyria - Contra-indicated if cor pulmonale - Contra-indicated if severe tachycardia
127
Hyoscine indications
IBS symptom relief | Reduction of secretions in palliative care
128
Hyoscine MOA
Acetylcholine receptor blocker (anticholinergic)
129
Hyoscine ADRs
- Constipation - Dry mouth - Palpitations
130
Hyoscine cautions
- Contra-indicated for narrow angle closure glaucoma - Contra-indicated if GI obstruction - Contra-indicated if paralytic ileus
131
Ibuprofen cautions
Active bleeding | History of GI ulcers
132
Imatinib MOA
Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
133
Imatinib ADRs
- Alopecia - GI disturbances - Anaemia
134
Tests prior to starting imatinib
Check for dormant Hep B | Check renal function
135
Route of administration of ipratropium
Inhaled nebuliser
136
Length of action of ipratropium
Rapid
137
Ipratropium ADRs
- Arrhythymias - Constipation - Dry mouth
138
Ipratropium cautions
History of glaucoma | Bladder outflow obstruction
139
Ivabradine indications
Angina. heart failure
140
Ivabradine MOA
Inhibits funny current to slow heart rate
141
Ivabradine ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Atrioventricular block - Hypertension
142
Ivabradine contraindications
Cardiogenic shock Acute MI Long QT
143
Ketamine indications
Anaesthesia, pain, major depression (off licence)
144
Ketamine MOA
NMDA antagonist
145
Ketamine ADRs
- Anxiety - Behavioural abnormalities - Hallucinations
146
Ketamine cautions
Shock, head injury, psychotic disorders
147
Lactulose MOA
Osmotic laxative
148
Lactulose contraindication
GI perforation or obstruction
149
Letrozole ADRs
- Alopecia - Appetite disturbances - Headaches
150
Levodopa ADRs
- Dopamine-induced hypertension - Anxiety - Somnolence and/or narcolepsy - Dyskinesias
151
Levofloxacin MOA
Quinolone antibiotic, DNA synthesis inhibitor
152
Levofloxacin ADRs
- Decreased appetite - Muscle weakness - Tendon disorders (e.g., Achilles rupture)
153
Levofloxacin cautions
History of tendon disorders Long QT Myasthenia gravis
154
Levothyroxine ADRs
- Thyrotoxic crisis (uncommon) - Tremors - Palpitations / arrhythmias
155
Levothyroxine cautions
Cardiovascular disease | Pan-hypopituitarism
156
Lidocaine indications
Local anaesthetic | Ventricular arrhythmias
157
Lidocaine MOA
Blocks Na channels in pain nerves or in cardiac tissue
158
Lidocaine ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Neurological effects - Blurred vision and/or nystagmus
159
How to treat lidocaine overdose
Lipid emulsion infusion
160
Loperamide ADRs
- GI disorders - Headache - Dizziness (uncommon)
161
Loperamide cautions
Contraindicated in ulcerative colitis
162
Loperamide MOA
Activates mu opioid receptors in gut to reduce motility and increase transit time
163
Lorazepam indications
Anxiety and panic disorders Conscious sedation Seizures Insomnia
164
Lorazepam MOA
Up-regulates GABA receptors
165
Lorazepam ADRs
- Drowsiness - Confusion - Respiratory depression
166
Lorazepam cautions
Caution with opioids (risk of severe respiratory depression) OCD or phobias (not effective treatment) Pulmonary insufficiency
167
Losartan cautions
- Contra-indicated if renal artery stenosis - Caution if history of angioedema - Caution in black patients (lack of efficacy)
168
Mannitol ADRs
- Cough - Headache - Vomiting
169
How is mannitol excreted?
Renally
170
Mannitol cautions
Contraindicated if blood brain barrier breach or renal failure
171
Mebeverine indications
IBS symptom relief
172
Mebeverine contraindications
Paralytic ileus
173
Memantine ADRs
- Impaired balance - Constipation - Drowsiness
174
Memantine cautions
Epilepsy
175
Metoclopramide MOA
Dopamine antagonist
176
Metoclopramide ADRs
- Asthenia - Diarrhoea - Parkinsonism
177
Metoclopramide cautions
GI surgery GI obstruction Parkinsons
178
Metformin ADRs
- Hypoglycaemia - Abdominal pain - Weight loss
179
Metformin cautions
Metabolic acidosis or risk of lactic acidosis
180
Metoprolol indications
HTN, angina, AF, SVT, VT
181
Metoprolol ADRs
- Bradycardia - Hypotension - Erectile dysfunction
182
Metoprolol contraindications
Asthma, cardiogenic shock, hypotension, bradycardia
183
Midazolam indications
Seizures, conscious sedation
184
Midazolam ADRs
- Confusion - Muscle weakness - Paradoxical effects (e.g., increased aggression or anxiety)
185
Midazolam cautions
Personality disorders, severe muscular weakness
186
Mifepristone indications
Termination of pregnancy. Induction of labour
187
Mifepristone MOA
Prostaglandin antagonist. This causes cervical ripening, endometrial degeneration and increased myometrial sensitivity
188
Mifepristone ADRs
- Abdominal cramping - Vaginal haemorrhage - Nausea & vomiting
189
Mifepristone cautions
Suspected ectopic (contraindication) Asthma Cardiovascular disease
190
Mirtazapine indication
Major depression | Anorexia nervosa
191
Mirtazapine ADRs
- Weight gain - Drowsiness - Confusion
192
Mirtazapine cautions
Cardia disorders Mania or psychosis Seizures Glaucoma susceptability
193
Misoprostol indications
Abortion Induction of labour Post partum haemorrhage GI ulcers
194
Misoprostol MOA
Prostaglandin analogue
195
Misoprostol ADRs
- Chills - Headache - Nausea & vomiting
196
Misoprostol cautions
Placenta praevia (contraindications) Foetal malpresentation GI pathology e.g. IBD
197
Moclobemide MOA
MOA-B inhibitor
198
Moclobemide indications
Depression, anxiety
199
Moclobemide ADRs
- (Paradoxical) anxiety - Hypotension - Sleep disorders
200
Moclobemide cautions
Acute confusion Bipolar (may trigger mania) Agitation
201
Montelukast ADRs
- Diarrhoea - Upper respiratory tract infections - Skin reactions
202
Morphine cautions
``` Coma / head injury / raised ICP (contraindicated) Respiratory suppression (contraindicated) ```
203
Naloxone MOA
Opioid antagonist
204
Naloxone ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Dizziness - Nausea & vomiting
205
Naloxone cautions
- Caution if chronic opioid use (risk of acute withdrawal effects) - Naloxone antagonises analgesia - Caution if cardiovascular disease
206
Naproxen cautions
Asthma, hypersensitivity
207
Tests before naproxen
Renal function
208
Medication to consider co-prescribing with naproxen
PPI
209
Nicorandil MOA
Coronary vasodilator
210
Nicorandil ADRs
- Headache - Dizziness - Asthenia
211
Nicorandil cautions
- Contra-indicated if acute pulmonary oedema - Contra-indicated if severe hypotension / cardiogenic shock - Caution if hyperkalaemia
212
Nitrous oxide ADRs
Abdominal distension, dependence
213
Nitrous oxide cautions
Recent scuba dive, head injury or pneumothorax
214
Noradrenaline indications
Acute hypotension
215
Noradrenaline ADRs
- Acute glaucoma - Arrhythmias - Rebound bradycardia (due to baroreceptor reflex)
216
Noradrenaline cautions
- Contra-indicated if hypertensive - Caution if coronary thromboses - Caution if vaso-spastic angina
217
Oestrogen ADRs
- Alopecia - Breast tissue abnormalities - Weight changes - Thromboembolism - Stimulates growth of oestrogen-sensitive cancers
218
Olanzapine indications
Schizophrenia, mania, bipolar, severe agitation
219
Olanzapine MOA
Dopamine antagonist
220
Olanzapine ADRs
- Agitation - QT elongation / arrhythmias - Movement disorders / muscle rigidity
221
Olanzapine monitoring
Monitor drug levels
222
Olanzapine cautions
Bone marrow suppression, paralytic ileus
223
Ondansetron indication
N&V
224
ondansetron MOA
Serotonin receptor antagonist
225
Ondansetron ADRs
- Constipation | - Abnormal sensations (e.g. “feeling hot”)
226
Ondansetron cautions
Long QT
227
Oseltamivir indication
Influenza
228
Oseltamivir ADRs
- GI discomfort | - Dizziness
229
Can oseltamivir be used in pregnancy / breastfeeding?
Yes
230
Oxycodone cautions
Head injury, raised ICP or coma | Respiratory depression
231
Oxytocin indications
Induction of labour Post partum haemorrhage Facilitation of completion of miscarriage
232
Oxytocin ADRs
- Headache - Nausea & vomiting - Hypertension (if rapid IV injection)
233
Caution of oxytocin
Previous uterine surgery
234
Paclitaxel MOA
Microtubule modifier
235
Paclitaxel ADRs
- Alopecia - Anaemia - GI disturbance & discomfort
236
Penicillin ADRs
- Diarrhoea - Hypersensitivity reactions - Fever
237
Pethidine cautions
Head injury, raised ICP or coma | Respiratory depression
238
Phenylephrine indications
Pupil dilator | OTC decongestant
239
Phenylephrine MOA
Sympathomimetic
240
Phenylephrine ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Eye discomfort - Angle closure glaucoma causing raised intraocular pressure
241
Phenylephrine cautions
Glaucoma | HTN
242
Pilocarpine indication
Angle closure glaucoma
243
Pilocarpine MOA
Parasympathomimetic
244
Pilocarpine ADRs
- Hyperhidrosis & hypersalivation (drugs is parasympathomimetic) - Eye pain & headache
245
Pilocarpine cautions
Acute iritis or uveitis
246
What advice should be given with pilocarpine?
Maintain good hydration
247
Progesterone only pill ADRs
- Menstrual irregularities - Back pain - Breast tenderness
248
Prasugrel MOA
Anti-platelet
249
Prasugrel ADRs
- Haemorrhage - Diarrhoea / GI disturbances - Skin reactions
250
Prasugrel cautions
Active bleeding or high risk of bleeds | Caution if co-prescribed NSAIDs (increased risk of bleeds)
251
Progesterone cautions
- Contra-indicated if acute porphyrias - Contra-indicated if breast or genital cancers - May exacerbate fluid-retention conditions
252
Promethazine indications
N&V Allergy (not first line) Insomnia
253
Promethazine MOA
Antihistamine
254
Promethazine ADRs
- Confusion - Drowsiness - Movement disorders
255
Promethazine cautions
Neonates Elderly Epilepsy
256
Propofol MOA
Potentiates GABA receptors
257
Propofol cautions
Cardiac disorders | Raised ICP
258
Propranolol indications
Angina, HTN, anxiety, benign essential tremor
259
Propranolol ADRs
- Bradycardia - Hypotension - Erectile dysfunction
260
Propranolol cautions
- Contraindicated if asthmatic (may cause bronchospasm) - Contraindicated if cardiogenic shock - Caution if hypotensive and/or bradycardic
261
Protamine sulphate indications
Heparin overdose
262
Protamine sulphate ADRs
- (Paradoxical) bleeds (only at high doses) - Flushing - Fatigue
263
Ranolazine ADRs
- Asthenia - Constipation - Headache
264
Ranolazine indication
Angina (not first line)
265
Ranolazine cautions
- Caution if Long QT syndrome - Caution if severe cardiac failure - Caution if body mass < 60 kg
266
Ribavirin ADRs
- Anaemia - Malaise - Lymphadenopathy
267
Ribavirin cautions
Anaemia or haemoglobinopathy | Severe cardiac disease
268
Risedronate MOA
Bisphosphonate
269
Risedronate ADRs
- Osteonecrosis of the jaw (rare but serious) - Myalgia - Electrolyte imbalance
270
Risedronate cautions
Hypocalcaemia, upper GI disease
271
Rivastigmine ADRs
- Anxiety - Arrhythmias - Movement disorders
272
Rivastigmine cautions
Cardiac conduction disorder's Seizures Upper GI ulcers
273
What drug is sacubitril combined with?
Valsartan
274
Sacubitril indication
Fluid overload in heart failure
275
Sacubitril ADRs
Anaemia, hypotension
276
Sacubitril cautions
ACEi or ARB
277
Salbutamol / salmeterol ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Tremor - Rash
278
Salbutamol / salmeterol cautions
Cardiovascular disease | Hypokalaemia
279
Saxagliptin ADRs
- Abdominal pain - Fatigue - Headache
280
Saxagliptin cautions
Elderly | History of pancreatitis
281
Sertraline ADRs
- (Paradoxical) anxiety - Arrhythmias - Sexual dysfunction
282
Sertraline cautions
- Caution if poorly controlled epilepsy - Caution or contraindicated if prolonged QT interval on ECG - Contra-indicated if patient in manic phase
283
Sevoflurane indication
Anaesthesia
284
Sevoflurane method of administration
Inhaled
285
Sevoflurane ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Nausea & vomiting - Headache
286
Sildenafil indications
Pulmonary hypertension | Erectile dysfunction
287
Sildenafil ADRs
- Anxiety - Gastrointestinal disorders - Priapism (rare)
288
Sildenafil cautions
- Contra-indicated if familial retinal degeneration - Caution if hypotensive - Avoid if history or susceptibility to priapism
289
Simvastatin ADRs
- Myalgia - Sleep disorders - Myopathy (rare)
290
Simvastatin cautions
History of muscle disease or weakness
291
Spironolactone cautions
- Contra-indicated if anuric - Contra-indicated if hyperkalaemic - Contra-indicated if Addison’s disease
292
Sumatriptan indications
Migraine, cluster headache
293
Sumatriptan ADRs
- Dizziness - Sensory alterations (temperature etc.) - Nausea
294
Sumatriptan cautions
- Contra-indicated if coronary vasospasm - Contra-indicated if hypertensive - Not licenced for use in the elderly
295
Sumatriptan MOA
Vasoconstricts coronary blood vessels and reduces inflammatory and pain mediators
296
Suxamethonium MOA
Muscle paralysis by blockage of Ach receptors
297
Suaxamthonium indications
Short term paralysis e.g. to facilitate intubation
298
Suxamethonium ADRs
- Arrhythmias - Involuntary muscle contractions - Post procedural muscle pain
299
Suxamethonium cautions
- Contra-indicated if hyperkalaemia - Contra-indicated if muscle wasting or myotonic disorders - Caution if pre-existing neuromuscular disorders
300
Tacrolimus indications
Prevention of transplant rejection | Severe eczema
301
Tacrolimus MOA
Immunosuppressant
302
Tacrolimus cautions
- Contra-indicated if malignant skin lesions - Caution if skin exposure to UV light - Caution if prolonged QT interval (may exacerbate)
303
Tamoxifen ADRs
- Alopecia - Fluid retention - Uterine & vulvovaginal disorders - VTE
304
What drug may be used to treat male gynaecomastia
Tamoxifen (unlicenced)
305
Tamsulosin MOA
Alpha blocker
306
Tamsulosin ADRs
- Sexual dysfunction - Dizziness - Postural hypotension (uncommon)
307
Tamsulosin cautions
- Contra-indicated if postural hypotension - Contra-indicated if history of micturition syncopal episodes - Caution if patient taking anti-hypertensive medications
308
Testosterone ADRs
- Hypertension - Weight increase - Behavioural abnormalities (if drug is abused long term)
309
Testosterone cautions
Prostate cancer | Pre-pubertal males
310
Tetracaine indication
Local anaesthetic
311
Tetracaine ADRs
- Eye inflammation (if used on eye) - Oedema or skin reactions (if used topically) - Arrhythmias (if drug present systemically)
312
Tetracaine cautions
``` Inflamed tissues (may alter absorption) Neonates ```
313
Length of action of tiotropium
Long
314
Tiotropium ADRs
- Arrhythymias - Constipation - Dry mouth - Affect on gastric motility
315
Tiotropium cautions
- Caution if history of narrow angle closure glaucoma | - Caution if bladder outflow obstruction
316
Tranexamic acid ADRs
- Diarrhoea | - N&V
317
Tranexamic acid cautions
DIC, oral contraceptives
318
Trastuzumab ADRs
- Cardiomyopathy - Malaise - Muscle disorders
319
Trastuzumab cautions
- Contra-indicated if severe dyspnoea at rest - Caution if coronary artery disease - Caution if cardiovascular disorders
320
Triamcinolone MOA
Steroid
321
Triamcinolone ADRs
- (Long term*) may cause Cushing’s syndrome - (Long term*) may cause immunosuppression - Anxiety (for all systemic glucocorticoids)
322
Triamcinolone cautions
Cushings (contraindicated) | Immunosuppression
323
Trimethoprim ADRs
- Diarrhoea | - Skin reactions
324
Tropicamide indication
When pupil dilation is desired e.g. facilitates fundoscopy
325
Tropicamide MOA
Antimuscarinic
326
Tropicamide ADRs
- Blurred (close) vision - Photophobia (due to loss of light reflex) - Tachycardia (if drug present systemically)
327
Tropicamide cautions
Glaucoma
328
Tropicamide route of administration
Eye drops
329
Valproate indications
Epilepsy, migraine prophylaxis, bipolar
330
Valproate MOA
Blocks sodium channels in the CNS
331
Valproate ADRs
- Abdominal pain - Hallucinations - Alopecia (with curly hair regrowth)
332
Valproate contraindicaitons
Pregnancy, SLE, severe liver failure
333
Vancomycin ADRs
- Neutropenia (uncommon) - Tubulointerstitial nephritis - “Drug fever” and/or hypersensitivity reactions - Ototoxicity - Nephrotoxicity
334
Vancomycin MOA
Glycopeptide antibiotic, cell wall synthesis inhibitor
335
Vancomycin monioting
Monitor drug levels
336
Verapamil MOA
Ca channel blocker
337
Verapamil indications
Angina, SVT, HTN
338
Verapamil ADRs
- Abdominal pain and/or constipation - Hypotension - Rebound tachycardia
339
Verapamil cautions
- Caution if elderly (risk of falls from hypotension) - Avoid if severe LV dysfunction - Avoid if AV-block
340
Vincristine MOA
Microtubule inhibitor (chemotherapy drug)
341
Vincristine ADRs
- Alopecia - Anaemia - Neutropenia - Irritant
342
Tests prior to vitamin K
Renal function
343
Diet on warfarin
High vitamin K may alter INR
344
Warfarin caution
Pregnancy

PSA (2 decks)

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