Studevant's Chapter 1 Clinical Significance of Dental Anatomy, Histology, Physiology, and Occlusion

Question 1

The human dentition is called?

Answer 1

Omnivorous

Because the diet consists of animal and plant foods

Question 2

Incisors are used to?

Answer 2

Shear (cut through) foods

Question 3

Canines function to?

Answer 3

seizing, piercing, tearing and cutting of food

provide lip support and speech (phonetics) and esthetics

Question 4

Premolars function to?

Answer 4

tear and grind food
(having qualities of both canines and molars)
provide lip support and crucial in esthetics

Question 5

Molars function to?

Answer 5

crush, grind, and chew food for swallowing

maintain vertical dimension of the face

Question 6

What are the 3 structures of teeth?

Answer 6

Enamel, Pulp-Dentin, Cementum

Question 7

Amelogenesis

Answer 7

Enamel formation caused by ameloblasts

Question 8

Fissure

Answer 8

non coalesced developmental lobes that create a deep invagination in the deep groove area of enamel

Question 9

Pit

Answer 9

non coalesced enamel at the deepest point of a fossa

Question 10

What are the constituents of enamel?

Answer 10

Inorganic material or mineralized (calcium hydroxyapatite) 96%
Organic matrix proteins 1%
Water 3%

Question 11

Incremental striae of Retzius

Answer 11

Growth rings that form during amelogenesis

Question 12

Imbrication lines of Pickerill

Answer 12

alternating grooves that are formed when the growth rings at the enamel are incomplete

Question 13

Perikymata

Answer 13

Elevations between the grooves/lines of Pickerill

Question 14

Hunter Schreger Bands

Answer 14

Where the direction of the enamel rods change

Question 15

Nasmyth membrane

Answer 15

A membrane that covers a newly erupted tooth and is worn away by mastication and cleaning

Question 16

Pellicle

Answer 16

replaces the nasmyth membrane by way of salivary proteins

Question 17

Enamel Maturation

Answer 17

where the permeability of enamel decreases with age because of the changes in the enamel matrix

Question 18

What are the 4 functions of the pulp?

Answer 18

formative (developmental)
nutritive
sensory (protective)
defensive/reparative

Question 19

Pulp has 2 parts

Answer 19

The coronal portion (in the crown portion of the tooth)

The radicular portion (in the root portion of the tooth)

Question 20

What is dentinogenesis?

Answer 20

Dentin formation

Question 21

What cell bodies create dentin?

Answer 21

Odontoblasts

Question 22

What are the odontoblastic processes that cross into the DEJ in the enamel called?

Answer 22

Enamel Spindles

Question 23

Where is predentin located?

Answer 23

Next to the cell bodies of odontoblasts

Question 24

What is primary dentin?

Answer 24

The dentin that forms the initial shape fo the tooth

Question 25

What are the constituents of Dentin?

Answer 25

70% Inorganic 20% Organic 10% Water

Question 26

What is the hydrodynamic theory?

Answer 26

Stimulus initiated rapid tubular fluid movement within the dentinal tubules that account for nerve depolarization

Question 27

Reversible pulpitis?

Answer 27

mild to moderate injury causing a reversible inflammatory response when pathology is removed

Question 28

Irreversible pulpitis?

Answer 28

Severe injury that causes irreversible inflammatory response

Question 29

What forms cementum?

Answer 29

Cementoblasts

Question 30

What are the constituents of Cementum?

Answer 30

45-50% inorganic material | 50-55% organic material: collagen and protein polysaccharides

Question 31

What is the difference between acellular and cellular cementum?

Answer 31

Acellular: Coronal half of root Cellular: Apical half of the root

Question 32

What is the CEJ?

Answer 32

Cementoenamel Junction, where the cementum meets enamel

Question 33

What are the 4 main functions of teeth?

Answer 33

Mastication Esthetics Speech Protection of supporting tissues

Question 34

What does the proximal height of contour provide?

Answer 34

contacts with proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth | adequate embrasure space apical to contact for gingival tissue

Question 35

What is the tissue called between each gingival embrasure?

Answer 35

Gingival or interdental papilla

Question 36

What are the 4 functions of the periodontal ligament?

Answer 36

Attachment and support Sensory Nutritive Homeostatic

Question 37

Principle fibers of the ligament serve to?

Answer 37

Connect cementum to the alveolar bone to suspend and support the tooth

Question 38

What does occlusion mean?

Answer 38

Closing; The contact of the teeth in opposing dental arches when the jaws are closed.

Question 39

What is tooth contact called during mandibular movement?

Answer 39

Dynamic occlusal relationship

Question 40

The central groove separates what cusps?

Answer 40

The facial from the lingual cusps

Question 41

What are the depressions between cusps called?

Answer 41

fossae (fossa)

Question 42

What are functional cusps?

Answer 42

The cusps that contact opposing teeth along the central fossa occlusal line

Question 43

Each cusp has four ridges, what are they?

Answer 43

Outer Incline (facial or lingual ridge) Inner Incline (triangular ridge) Mesial cusp ridge Distal cusp ridge

Question 44

What are non functional cusps?

Answer 44

The cusps that overlap opposing teeth

Question 45

What is MI?

Answer 45

Maximum Intercuspation, where the position of the mandible is when it is in full contact with a persons full dentition

Question 46

What depression does the mandible articulate with the temporal bone at?

Answer 46

The glenoid fossa

Question 47

Function of the enamel?

Answer 47

To protect the dentin and the pulp?

Question 48

The enamel is the ____ substance in the body?

Answer 48

Hardest

Question 49

What is the elastic modulus?

Answer 49

a quantity that measures an object or substances resistance to being deformed elastically when a stress is applied to it (High: Stiff, Low: Flexible)

Question 50

What is compressive strength?

Answer 50

the resistance of a material to breaking under pressure

Question 51

What is tensile strength?

Answer 51

is the maximum strength a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking or deforming

Question 52

Enamel is both strong and brittle. Enamel has ___ elastic modulus, ___ compressive strength and ___ tensile strength?

Answer 52

high high low

Question 53

Dentin is strong and resilient. Dentin and ___ elastic modulus, ___ compressive strength, and ___ tensile strength?

Answer 53

low high high

Question 54

What are the four functions of pulp?

Answer 54

Formative, Nutritive, Sensory (Protective), Reparative

Question 55

What is the coronal pulp?

Answer 55

The pulp that is located in the crown of the tooth

Question 56

What is the pulp called in the roots of the teeth?

Answer 56

Radicular pulp

Question 57

What is the opening from the pulp into the PDL near the apex of each tooth called?

Answer 57

Apical foramen

Question 58

What are Sharpey Fibers?

Answer 58

Collagen fibers from the PDL that are partially inserted into the outer surface of the cementum at 90 degrees or perpendicular