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Studies Flashcards

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1
Q

Which studies show the behavioural confirmation effect?

A

Phonecall; Snyder et al. (1977)

Hostility; Snyder & Swann (1978)

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2
Q

Which study shows how people make causal attribution?

A

Diary; Gilovich & Regan (1986)

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3
Q

Which report compared judgements about the self and others?

A

Disposition vs. situation; Pronin (2008)

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4
Q

Which study shows the correspondence bias?

A

Castro’s Cuba; Jones & Harris (1967)

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5
Q

Which studies show the fundamental attribution error?

A

Mood; Forgas (1988)

Quizmasters & Contestants; Ross et al. (1977)

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6
Q

Which study shows the effect of political attitude on the FAE?

A

Liberals vs. conservatives; Skitka et al. (2002)

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7
Q

Which report looked at embarrassment and face?

A

Sabini

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8
Q

Which report explained the findings of Milgram and Asch?

A

Disposition; Sabini

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9
Q

Who developed the Theory of Planned Behaviour?

A

Ajzen, (1988, 1991)

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10
Q

Which study shows attitude-behaviour discrepancy?

A

Face-to-face norms; LaPiere (1934)

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11
Q

Which studies show the importance of correspondence?

A

Environment; Weigel & Newman (1976)

Birth Control; Davidson & Jaccard (1979)

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12
Q

Which additional variables were proposed for TPB?

A

Moral norms; Beck & Ajzen (1991)
Identity-appropriateness; Sparks & Shepherd (1992)
Anticipated regret; Terry, Hogg & White (1999)

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13
Q

Which studies show cognitive dissonance?

A

Forced compliance; Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)
Grasshopper; Zimbardo et al (1965)
Effort justification; Aronson & Mills (1959)

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14
Q

Which studies show dissonance and arousal?

A

Memory task; Zanna & Cooper (1974)

Essay; Zanna et al. (1976)

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15
Q

Which study utilised hypocrisy manipulations?

A

Commitment & Mindfulness; Stone et al. (1994)

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16
Q

Which studies show affirmation-manipulations?

A

Community project; Steele (1975)
Prejudice; Fein & Spencer (1997)
Consumption; Sivanathan & Pettit (2010)

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17
Q

Which studies show the effects of self-esteem?

A

Anxiety/dysphoria; Strauman et al. (1993)

Anxiety buffer; Greenberg et al. (1992)

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18
Q

Who developed Terror Management Theory?

A

Pyszczynski et al. (1997)

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19
Q

Who developed Sociometer Theory?

A

Leary & Baumeister (2000)

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20
Q

Which report explained positive illusions?

A

Taylor & Brown (1994)

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21
Q

Which studies show the dark side of self-esteem?

A

Stability moderator; Kernis et al. (1989)
Narcissism; Bushman & Baumeister (1998)
Threatened egotism; Baumeister et al. (2000)

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22
Q

Which study shows self-regulation and its effects in later life?

A

The Marshmallow Test; Mischel (1970)

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23
Q

Which studies discuss trait self-control?

A

Success; DeRidder et al. (2012)

Beneficial; Baumeister & Alquist (2009)

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24
Q

Who developed the model of action phases?

A

Heckhausen & Gollwitzer (1987)

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25
Which studies suggest how to improve self-control?
Pre-commitment; Arielu et al. (2002) | Self-compassion; Breines & Chen (2012)
26
Which studies show emotions influencing decisions?
Pantyhose; Nisbett & Wilson (1977) | Suspension Bridge; Dutton & Aron (1974)
27
Which theory relates to mood and memory?
Bowers Network Theory (1981)
28
Which studies discuss the helpful/harmfulness of emotions in decision making?
Deficiency vs. excess; Lowenstein (2010) | Indirect effects; Baumeister et al. (2007)
29
Which study demonstrated norm formation?
Autokinetic effect; Sherif (1935, 1936)
30
Which study demonstrated yielding to the majority?
Asch paradigm; line length
31
Which study discussed the features of yielding?
Jahoda (1959)
32
Which study discussed social uniformity and comparison?
Festinger (1954)
33
Which study compared normative and informational influences?
Turner (1991)
34
Which study explored the types of group deviate?
Schachter (1951)
35
Which study shows the influence of a minority?
Colour slides; Moscovici, Lage & Naffrechoux (1969)
36
Which study shows the indirect effect of minorities?
Wood et al. (1994)
37
Which 3 models explain the processing of majority and minority views?
Source Context Elaboration; Martin & Hewstone (2008) Types of Thinking; Nemeth Group Membership; David & Turner (1996)
38
What are the theories of collective behaviour?
Group mind; Gustave Le Bon (1895) Individualism; Allport (1924) Interactionism; Gestalt, Sherif Self-categorisation; Tajfel et al. (1971), Turner et al. (1987)
39
Which studies show that emotions are social?
Bowling; Kraut & Johnston (1979) | Emotions as Social Information Model; Van Kleef (2009)
40
Which studies show emotion contagion?
Botox; Neal et al. (2011), Davis et al. (2011) Facebook; Kramer et al. (2014) Facial feedback; Strack et al. (1988)
41
Which study shows group emotion transmission?
Ripple effect; Barsade (2012)
42
Which studies explore sharing emotions?
9/10 emotional events; Rimé (1991) Long/short-term benefits; Rimé (2009) Co-rumination; Rose (2007)
43
Which study shows the effects of emotions in relationships?
Marriage; Gottman & Levenson (2000)
44
Which studies observe racism using non-reactive methodology?
Word associations; Dovidio, Evans & Tyler (1986) | Shooting game; Corell et al (2007)
45
Which study shows the effect of stereotype categorisation and interpretation?
Woman's test score; Darley & Gross (1983)
46
Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on memory and recall?
Betty K; Snyder & Uranowitz (1978)
47
Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on information gathering?
Confirmatory Hypothesis Testing; Snyder & Swann (1978)
48
Which study shows the effect of stereotypes on our own behaviour?
Self-fulfilling prophecy; Word, Zanna & Cooper (1974)
49
Which factors can effect the use of stereotypes?
Mental shortcuts; Bodenhausen (1990) | Mood; Bodenhausen et al. (1994)
50
Which study shows the effect of affect in prejudice?
Underlying affect; Cottrell & Neuberg (2005)
51
Which study shows the effect of stereotype context?
In-group vs. outgroup; Haslam (1992)
52
Who developed Social Identity Theory?
Tajfel
53
Which studies show the functions of stereotypes?
System justifications; Jost & Banaji (1994) | Predictions; Hoffman & Hurst (1990)
54
Who developed the stereotype content model?
Fiske et al. (2002, 2007)
55
Who developed image theory?
Alexander et al. (1999)
56
Which study shows the automatic activation of stereotypes?
African Stereotype; Devine (1989)
57
Which study shows prejudice with compunction?
Say NO; Kawakami et al. (2000)
58
Which studies show the rebound effect?
White bears; Werner (1992) | Skinheads; Macrae et al. (1994)
59
Which study says the rebound effect is not inevitable?
Prejudice; Monteith
60
Which study shows the cultural differences in the theory self-construals?
Who am I?; Markus & Kitayama (1991)
61
Which study shows the influence of self-construals on emotion, cognition and motivation?
Matsumoto (1999)
62
What is the revised theory of self-construals?
Implicit model of self-hood; Katayama (2009)
63
Which study shows the effect of culture on the FAE?
Importance of other-construals; Miller (1984)
64
Which study explains the difference between east asian and westerners attributions?
Type of thinking; Nisbett (2001)
65
Which study explored cultural differences in displays rules?
experience intensity; Matsumoto et al (2002)
66
Which study explored the factors determining relationship choice?
individual desirability; Shackelford et al. (2005)

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