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Flashcards in Studies Deck (30)
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1
Q

Cornell et al

A

They suggested females are better at learning as they are more organised, which emphasises the value of women

2
Q

Rosenthal

A

Found that male experimenters are more friendly to female ppts than male ppts, consequently males ppts performed worse

3
Q

Eagly and Johnsons

A

There meta-analysis noted studies based on a real world setting, finding that male and females had a similar type of leadership style

4
Q

Hare-Mustin and Marecek

A
  • They pointed out that arguing for equality draws attention away from women’s needs and create differences in power
  • Where 1 group (males) holds most of the power, even neutral actions benefit the group with power
5
Q

Copeland

A

-Found 69% of US psychiatrists diagnosed a patient with schizophrenia compared to 2% of British psychiatrists with the same patient description

6
Q

Milgram

A

example of beta bias

7
Q

Loring and Powell

A

found that 56% of psychiatrists gave a diagnosis of schizophrenia when the patient in a case study was described as male or no information was provided about gender, but when the same case was described as female only 20% gave diagnosis

8
Q

Longenecker et al

A

since the 1980s men are diagnosed with schizophrenia more often than women

9
Q

Ainsworth

A
  • Ainsworth’s strange situation is an example of ethnocentrism
  • It also has an imposed etic
10
Q

Berry

A

argues that psychology has often been guilty of imposing an etic approach, when theories/concepts came about through emic research

11
Q

Luhrmann et al

A
  • Found that there is cultural differences in hearing voices

- With the definitions of abnormality needing to be changed accordingly

12
Q

Roberts

A

found that adolescents with strong belief in determinism were at significantly greater risk of developing depression

13
Q

Soon et al

A
  • demonstrated that brain activity that determines the outcome of simple choice predates our knowledge of having made that choice
  • researchers found that the activity related to whether to press a button with the left or right hand occurs in the brain up to 10 seconds before the participant reported being aware of a decision.
14
Q

Gottesman

A

concordance rates for schizophrenia: 48% MZ, 17% DZ

15
Q

Nestadt et al

A

concordance rates for OCD: 68% MZ, 31% DZ

16
Q

Coccaro et al

A

concordance rates for aggression: 50% MZ, 19% DZ

17
Q

Plomin et al

A

suggested that a child who is genetically more aggressive might provoke an aggressive response in others; affecting the child’s development

18
Q

Scarr and McCartney

A

suggested that as children grow older, they seek out experiences and environments that suit their genes

19
Q

Maguire et al

A
  • In their study of London taxi drivers showed that the region of the brain associated with spatial memory was bigger than in controls
  • The taxi drivers were not born this way; rather their hippocampus had responded to increased use
20
Q

Dunn and Plomin

A
  • suggested that individual differences mean that siblings experience life events differently
  • For example, age and/or temperament would mean a life event such as parental divorce would have a different meaning to each sibling
21
Q

Wolpe

A
  • developed the therapy of systematic desensitisation
  • Treated a women for fear of insects
  • He found no improvement from this behavioural method of therapy
  • It turned out that her husband, with whom she had not been getting along, has an insect nickname.
  • Therefore, her fear was not the result of conditioning but representing her marital problems
22
Q

Clive Wearing

A
  • LTM case study
  • has resulted in research on different types of LTM on a greater scale, which in turn has increased our understanding of how memory works
23
Q

David Reimer

A

-Gender development case study

24
Q

Allport

A
  • He argued that it is only by knowing the person as an individual that we can predict what that person will do in any situation
  • For example, knowing there’s a 1% lifetime risk of developing schizophrenia tells us little about what life is like for a schizophrenic
25
Q

Sieber and Stanley

A
  • They identified several concerns that researchers should be mindful of when conducting socially sensitive research:
    1) Implications
    2) Uses/public policy
    3) Validity of research
26
Q

Goddard

A

-Implications example
-some studies may be seen as giving ‘scientific’ credence to prejudice and discrimination, e.g. Goddard - racial basis of intelligence.
(Given IQ tests to immigrants)

27
Q

Bowlby

A
  • Uses/public policy example

- Bowlby influenced the UK government’s decision to not offer free childcare places to children under 5.

28
Q

Burt

A
  • Validity of research example

- Burt - much of the data that was used to establish the 11+ exam was made up.

29
Q

Scarr

A
  • argues that studies of underrepresented groups and issues may promote a greater sensitivity and understanding of these
  • This can help reduce prejudice and encourage acceptance
30
Q

Kitzinger and Coyle

A

-They noted that research into ‘alternative relationships’ has been guilty of a form of ‘heterosexual bias; within which homosexual relationships were compared and judged against heterosexual norms