Study Flashcards
(52 cards)
as part of a randomized clinical trial, assignment of participants to study and control groups using a chance process in which the participants are assigned to a particular group with a known probability
Randomization
a measurement of outcome that looks at short-term results, such as changes in laboratory tests, that may not reflect longer term or clinically important decisions
Surrogate outcomes
How should the intervention be modified to reach target population?
implantation
perception of increased probability of an event due to an individual’s absence of prior experience with the extent
unfamiliarity effect
a core public health function that includes developing evidence-based recommendations and other analyses of options, such as health policy analysis, to guide implementation, including efforts to educate and mobilize community partnerships to implement these policies
Policy development
An evidence-based approach to problem solving that considers a range of possible interventions, including health care, traditional public health, and social interventions
Population health approach
an approach that focuses on those with the highest probability of developing disease and aims to bring their risk close to the levels experienced by the rest of the population
high risk approach
assumes that everyone is at some degree of risk and the risk increases with the extent of exposure
Improving-the-average approach
Contributory causes
(1) the existence of an association between the “cause” and the “effect” at the individual level
(2) the “cause” precedes the “effect” in time
(3) altering the “cause” alters the probability of the “effect”
All three must be established
BIGGEMS
behavior, infection, genetics, geography, environment, medical care, socioeconomic-cultural status
underlying factors that ultimately bring about disease
Determinants
the physical environment constructed by human beings
Built environment
The impact of falling childhood death rates and extended life spans on the size of populations and the age distribution of populations
Demographic transition
an investigator who studies the occurrence and control of disease or other health conditions or events in defined populations
Epidemiologist
a characterization of individuals or an exposure that increases the probability of developing a disease. It does not imply that a contributory cause has been established
Risk factor
criteria that may be used to argue for a cause-and-effect relationship when the definitive requirements have not been fulfilled
Supportive criteria / ancillary
a decision-making attitude; an individual or group consistently favors taking actions or avoiding actions that differ from recommendations utilizing probabilities, utilities and the timing of events
Risk-taking attitudes
a component of social marketing that includes organizing a campaign or program to reach the target audiences
Promotion
Belmont Report
a report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research that established key principles upon which the current approach to protection of human subjects is based
a philosophy that aims to provide fair treatment and a fair share of the reward of society to individuals and groups
Social justice
the full range of strategies designed to protect health and prevent disease, disability and death
Interventions
Risk factor
a characteristic of individuals or an exposure that increases the probability of developing a disease. It does not imply that a contributory cause has been established.
PERIE
Problem, Etiology, Recommendations, Implementation, and Evaluation.
Burdon of disease
an analysis of the morbidity and mortality produced by disease.
