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1
Q

What starts a supply chain?

A

A supply chain starts with customer demand or product supply, and involves flows of materials, information, and funds.

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2
Q

What are the main components of a supply chain?

A

The main components are suppliers, companies, customers, and service providers like transportation, warehousing, and IT.

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3
Q

What is the Supply Chain Operating Reference model (SCOR)?

A

The SCOR model categorizes supply chain processes into five core functions: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, and Return.

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4
Q

What are the dynamics of a supply chain?

A

Supply chains react to environmental changes such as customer demand, product supply, exchange rates, and temperature, with a focus on balancing inventory levels.

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5
Q

What are the main steps in the purchasing process?

A

The purchasing process includes preorder and postorder steps, such as selecting suppliers and managing their performance over time.

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6
Q

What is the difference between tactical and strategic sourcing?

A

Tactical sourcing focuses on shortterm benefits, while strategic sourcing aims to establish longterm relationships with suppliers through negotiation and collaboration.

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7
Q

What is category sourcing in strategic sourcing?

A

Category sourcing involves breaking down products into related categories and managing each category with tailored approaches.

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8
Q

What are some common sourcing management tools?

A

Tools include cost management (fixed, variable, semivariable), commodity purchasing, value engineering, total cost of ownership, and price analysis.

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9
Q

What are the different production types?

A

Project: oneoff manufacturing for specific customer needs.
Job shop: small batch production for unique orders.
Batch: repeat production of similar items.
Continuous: 24/7 processing of products without interruption.

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10
Q

What is the difference between forecastdriven and demanddriven planning?

A

Forecastdriven planning (MPS) uses material requirements planning (MRP) to predict needs, while demanddriven planning (JIT) focuses on minimizing waste based on actual demand.

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11
Q

What is the JustinTime (JIT) philosophy?

A

JIT aims to reduce waste by minimizing setup times, lead times, and safety stocks, and by adopting a demandpull system.

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12
Q

What are lean manufacturing strategies?

A

Lean manufacturing aims to improve efficiency and reduce waste by using techniques such as the right amount of labor, machines, and materials, and focusing on total quality management (TQM).

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13
Q

How do supply chains react to changes in their environment?

A

Supply chains react to changes such as fluctuations in customer demand, product supply, exchange rates, and temperature by adjusting their processes and balancing inventory levels.

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14
Q

What is the “customer order decoupling point” in a supply chain?

A

The customer order decoupling point is where a supply chain transitions from a push system (forecastdriven) to a pull system (demanddriven), based on customer orders.

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15
Q

What is strategic sourcing?

A

Strategic sourcing is the process of managing and optimizing supplier relationships to achieve longterm benefits, including cost savings, improved quality, and collaboration.

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16
Q

What are supplier relationship management (SRM) initiatives?

A

SRM initiatives involve proactively managing the relationship between buyers and suppliers to ensure mutual benefits and foster collaboration.

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17
Q

What is the Kraljic Matrix (1983) used for in sourcing?

A

The Kraljic Matrix is used to categorize products into four types based on supply risk and profit impact, guiding the approach to managing each category of products differently.

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18
Q

What is value engineering in sourcing?

A

Value engineering is the process of analyzing the cost and function of materials and products to identify opportunities for cost reduction while maintaining or improving quality.

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19
Q

What is Materials Requirements Planning (MRP)?

A

MRP is a system used to calculate material needs and ensure that materials are available for production at the right time and in the right quantities.

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20
Q

What are the benefits of Lean Manufacturing?

A

Lean manufacturing reduces waste, increases efficiency, improves quality, and enhances customer satisfaction by eliminating nonvalueadded activities.

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21
Q

What is the role of capacity requirements planning (CRP) in manufacturing?

A

CRP ensures that the necessary resources (labor, machines, and equipment) are available to meet production schedules and demand.

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22
Q

What are the limitations of JustinTime (JIT)?

A

Limitations of JIT include potential loss of safety stock, decreased autonomy for workers, and challenges in industries with unpredictable demand or supply disruptions.

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23
Q

What tools are used to improve performance in manufacturing?

A

Tools include loss tree analysis, 5Why analysis, fishbone diagrams, and total quality management (TQM) techniques to improve performance and reduce waste.

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24
Q

What starts a supply chain?

A

Customer demand or product supply.

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25
What is SCOR?
A model categorizing supply chain processes: Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return.
26
What are supply chain players?
Suppliers, companies, customers, service providers.
27
What is the customer order decoupling point?
The transition from forecastdriven to demanddriven systems.
28
What is tactical sourcing?
Shortterm sourcing to achieve immediate benefits.
29
What is strategic sourcing?
Longterm supplier management for mutual benefits.
30
What is category sourcing?
Grouping products into categories for different management approaches.
31
What is SRM?
Managing buyersupplier relationships proactively.
32
What is MRP?
A system for planning material needs.
33
What is JIT?
A strategy that minimizes waste by aligning production with demand.
34
What is Lean Manufacturing?
A strategy focused on waste reduction and efficiency.
35
What is CRP?
Planning resources (labor, equipment) to meet production needs.
36
What are the flows in a supply chain?
Materials, information, and funds.
37
What is the focus of supply chain dynamics?
Balancing inventory levels and reacting to environmental changes.
38
Who are the service providers in a supply chain?
Transportation, warehousing, and IT service providers.
39
What is the Kraljic Matrix used for?
Categorizing products based on supply risk and profit impact.
40
What is value engineering?
Analyzing cost and function to reduce costs while maintaining quality.
41
What is commodity purchasing?
Buying goods in bulk or standard quantities to reduce costs.
42
What are batch production types?
Production of similar items on a repeat basis.
43
What is a project production type?
A oneoff manufacturing process for specific customer needs.
44
What is the focus of lean thinking?
Using the right amount of man, machine, and material.
45
What does TQM stand for?
Total Quality Management.
46
What is a key focus of supply chain management?
Balancing demand and supply effectively.
47
What is the role of information in a supply chain?
To coordinate processes and ensure timely delivery.
48
What is the return process in SCM?
Postdelivery customer support and handling returns.
49
What is supplier relationship management (SRM)?
Managing supplier partnerships to ensure collaboration.
50
What is the purpose of sourcing initiatives?
To optimize sourcing strategies for better performance.
51
What are the benefits of effective sourcing?
Cost reduction, better supplier relationships, and improved quality.
52
What is continuous production?
Uninterrupted production, typically 24/7.
53
What is the goal of JIT?
To eliminate waste and reduce lead times.
54
What is the concept of “lean” manufacturing?
Minimizing waste while maximizing value.
55
What is a key strategy in lean manufacturing?
Reducing setup times and lot sizes to improve efficiency.
56
What does the "Make" process involve?
A2: Setting up manufacturing and production processes.
57
What are the key processes in the supply chain according to SCOR?
Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return
58
What is the difference between direct and indirect items in sourcing?
A1: Direct items are raw materials for production, while indirect items are necessary but not used directly in production (e.g., office supplies).
59
What is the role of negotiation in sourcing?
To agree on favorable terms with suppliers, such as price, delivery, and quality.
60
What is the "Total Cost of Ownership"?
The total cost of a product, including acquisition, maintenance, and disposal costs.
61
What is the role of inventory in manufacturing?
To ensure there are sufficient materials for production without overstocking.
62
What are the limitations of JustinTime (JIT) in manufacturing?
JIT can lead to problems like stockouts if demand is unpredictable and relies on a highly efficient supply chain.
63
What is the primary goal of lean manufacturing?
To improve efficiency and reduce waste through continuous improvement.
64
What are the "5Why" and "Fishbone" analysis used for?
They are tools for identifying the root causes of problems in manufacturing processes.
65
What is the role of customer demand in a supply chain?
Customer demand drives the flow of materials and products through the supply chain.
66
What is the key function of the "Source" process in SCM?
The "Source" process involves selecting suppliers and acquiring raw materials or components.
67
What is the role of service providers in a supply chain?
Service providers handle logistics, transportation, warehousing, IT, and other services to support the supply chain.
68
What is the difference between fixed, variable, and semivariable costs in sourcing
Fixed costs: Costs that do not change with the level of production. Variable costs: Costs that change directly with production volume. Semivariable costs: Costs that have both fixed and variable components.
69
What is the importance of value analysis in sourcing
Value analysis helps in identifying ways to reduce costs without affecting product quality.
70
What does the "Supplier Risk" refer to in sourcing?
Supplier risk involves the uncertainty in the ability of suppliers to meet quality, delivery, and price requirements.
71
What are the key goals of Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?
To ensure materials are available for production, minimize inventory, and schedule production efficiently.
72
How does JIT reduce waste?
JIT reduces waste by ensuring that production is based on realtime demand, thus minimizing excess inventory and unneeded processes.
73
74
What is the purpose of capacity planning in manufacturing?
To ensure that the manufacturing process has the necessary resources, such as labor and equipment, to meet production demands.
75
What are the benefits of Lean Manufacturing?
Lean manufacturing reduces waste, lowers costs, improves product quality, and increases efficiency by optimizing the use of resources.
76
What is the role of the "Plan" process in SCM?
The "Plan" process involves balancing supply and demand, forecasting, and setting production goals.
77
What are the forces that start a supply chain?
Customer demand and product supply
78
What is the significance of the "Deliver" process in SCM?
The "Deliver" process includes order management, logistics, and delivering products to customers on time.
79
What is strategic negotiation in sourcing?
Strategic negotiation focuses on building longterm, mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers, not just pricebased negotiations.
80
How does commodity purchasing affect sourcing?
Commodity purchasing involves buying standard products in bulk, often at lower costs due to economies of scale.
81
What is the role of nonvalueadded improvement in sourcing?
Nonvalueadded improvement focuses on eliminating activities that do not contribute to product value, thus improving sourcing efficiency.
82
What is the focus of Manufacturing Planning and Control (MPC)
MPC focuses on planning material needs, scheduling production, and ensuring the availability of resources to meet demand.
83
What are the benefits of continuous production?
Continuous production allows for 24/7 processing, leading to high efficiency and reduced costs in industries like oil or chemicals.
84
How does JIT contribute to quality improvement?
JIT improves quality by reducing defects, encouraging continuous feedback, and eliminating waste in production processes.
85
What is the impact of lean manufacturing on employee productivity?
Lean manufacturing improves employee productivity by minimizing waste and empowering employees to contribute to continuous improvement.
86
What does “flow of funds” mean in a supply chain?
Movement of money from customers to companies and suppliers.
87
Why is managing inventory levels important?
To avoid shortages or excess, and to maintain efficiency and customer satisfaction.
88
What environmental factors affect supply chains?
Customer demand, supply disruptions, currency exchange rates, temperature/weather.
89
What is the preorder step in sourcing?
Activities before placing a purchase order, like selecting and evaluating suppliers.
90
What is the postorder step in sourcing?
Activities after placing the order, including tracking, receiving, and managing delivery issues.
91
What are indirect items?
Goods not directly used in production, e.g., office supplies or maintenance items.
92
What is cost management in sourcing?
Managing and analyzing costs to improve sourcing efficiency and savings.
93
What is price analysis?
Reviewing and comparing prices to assess fairness and supplier competitiveness.
94
What is a line production type?
Items move sequentially through the same production steps.
95
What is flow production?
Continuous movement of items through a process with minimal variation.
96
What is the Bill of Materials (BOM)?
A list of materials needed to produce one unit of a finished product.
97
What is Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP)?
Planning inventory and product movement across warehouses.
98
What are the three pillars of the JIT philosophy?
People, plant, and system.
99
What are the limitations of lean/JIT systems?
Cultural resistance, risk of stockouts, loss of flexibility, industryspecific constraints.
100
What does “no fat” in lean mean?
Avoiding unnecessary resources and steps—only using what’s essential.
101
What is a loss tree analysis?
A method to trace the root causes of performance loss or inefficiency.
102

Supply Chain 1 (1 decks)

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