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1
Q

What is counselling

A

Intensive and personal process concerned with listening & understanding a clients life challenges, as well as developing strategies for change & growth

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2
Q

What is psychotherapy

A

Deep seated difficulties, more time for resolution, limited in number of sessions offered
Beginning counsellors want to find right answers for client; give advice that is inappropriate to give

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3
Q

What is intentionally

A

Can make a difference in the short time that we have with clients

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4
Q

What is resilience and intentionally

A

Development of the client, involves a level of resilience

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5
Q

What is self actualisation

A

Mans tendency to actualise the self and become his potentialities
Wanting the client to feel good about themselves, hope of good results

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6
Q

What is empathy

A

Understanding and being with the client; don’t have to agree or support actions of client unless they will harm themselves or others

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7
Q

What are micro skills

A

Foundation of intentional counselling and psycho therapy; communication skill that can be used with many different clients

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8
Q

What is the micro skills hierarchy

A

Steps of intentional counselling and psychotherapy; skills rest on a base of ethics,multicultural competence and wellness
Attending and listening skills from the basis

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9
Q

Define the five stage structure

A

Provides a framework for integrating micro skills into a counselling session

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10
Q

What is focusing

A

Helps you and the client to see any cultural or contextual issues related to their concerns

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11
Q

Why is empathic confrontation important?

A

Critical for client growth and change

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12
Q

What are concrete action strategies

A

Array of influencing skills in which counsellor offers their own tested ideas for change and development

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13
Q

Why are micro skills important

A

Micro skills are the key to developing an empathic relationship; drawing on clients stories and issues; change and growth will be result of conversation with clients

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14
Q

What is the task of the counsellor

A

Concerned with stories of the client; first task is to listen carefully to the stories, learn how clients come to think, feel and act the way that they do

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15
Q

What is interviewing

A

Basic process for gathering data, providing information and advice to clients
Refers to suggesting alternatives to clients to allow them to work through concerns

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16
Q

What is the main goal of a counsellor

A

Development and change, clients have an enormous capacity for change.

Clients change may be a deeper awareness of an emotional experience

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17
Q

Why is listening with empathy considered important in a counselling session

A

Listening with empathy can produce a meaningful change; help clients think of new ways to approach their stories; can help rewrite and rethink old narratives into new, more productive and positive stories

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18
Q

What is one of the main tasks of the counsellor

A

Search for strengths that will empower your clients

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19
Q

What are the steps involved in the 5 stage structure

A

Empathic relationship; story and strengths; goals; re story and action

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20
Q

What is the empathic relationship

A

Important to develop rapport and trust with client; every session will be different; tests social skills and understanding.
- important that the counsellor is their natural self & open to others differences

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21
Q

What is important when listening to clients story and strengths

A

Attending and observation

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22
Q

What is important to look out for in goal setting

A

Too many sessions may wander and not have a focus. what is the goal of the session?

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23
Q

What is involved in re storing

A

use of influencing skills such as influencing, logical consequences and confrontation

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24
Q

What does action mean?

A

Contact with the client to act and think differently over the coming week

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25
What is multiculturalism
Once only referred to as the major racial groups; means that you come from different cultures
26
Describe the respectful model
``` R: religious/spirituality. E: economic/ class background. S: sexual orientation/ gender identity. P: personal style and education E: ethnic/ racial identity C: chronological/ lifespan challenges T: trauma F: family background U: unique physical characteristics L: language differences and location of residence ```
27
Why are codes of ethics put in place
Keep good practice, protect clients. Safeguard autonomy and enhance the profession
28
What is attending behaviour
Supporting your client with individually and culturally appropriate verbal following, visuals,vocal quality and body language
29
What is listening
Central skill of attending and core to the development of a relationship and making contact with clients
30
When is attending used
Communicate interest in client talk, increase awareness of client attending pattern, attend when the interview becomes confusing
31
What is the 3V+ B technique
Visual/ eye contact Vocal qualities Verbal tracking Body language
32
What is visual/ eye contact
Observe cultural differences, observe pupil dilation, choose specific body language for desired result
33
What are vocal qualities
Pitch, volume,rate, emphasis and breaks and hesitations
34
What is verbal underlining
Key wides a person underlines by means of volume and emphasis are often concepts of particular importance. Significant things may be said more softly Matching vocal tone with clients is appropriate in these cases
35
What is verbal tracking
Staying with client topic to encourage full elaboration of the narrative
36
What is the importance of body language
Maintain a culturally appropriate distance, note client movements in relation to you, note posture and when posture shifts
37
What is selective attention
Central to counselling and psychotherapy, clients talk about what counsellors are willing to hear Attending determines the length of session and whether or not client returns
38
How can intentional non attention be observed
Reduce eye contact, shift body posture, shift vocal tone and quality, observe silence
39
Why is silence useful
Clients can't talk while we are, best used when client is expressing emotion or can give client time to think
40
What is subtractive empathy
Counsellor gives back less or distorts what client has said
41
What is basic empathy
Counsellor responses are interchangeable with client
42
What is additive empathy
Counsellor responses add to or link to what client has said
43
What are the qualities of empathy
Positive regard,respect and warmth, concrete ness
44
How are open questions used
Begin an interview, open new topics or clarify details, identify specifics What, how, could, why
45
What are closed questions
Specific details. Who, when, where, are, do, is
46
When are closed questions used
Focus the interview, close down client talk, increase interviewer control
47
What is concreteness the key to?
empathic understanding
48
What is empathy
Understand specifically what your client is saying
49
What is bombardment/ grilling
Too many questions; put clients on the defensive, give too much control to interviewer
50
What is multiple questioning
Interviewer may confuse client by throwing out several questions at once
51
What are questions as statements
Interviewers may use questions as a way to sell their own points of view
52
What is a discrepancy
Often described as a problem
53
What do facial expressions indicate to the counsellor?
Smiling is a good indication that the counsellor is warm and caring; important for developing relationships Give important clues to what client is experiencing
54
What is the importance of body language?
Communicating well; mirror each other's body language= movement synchrony Movement complementarity: paired movements that maybe identical but are still harmonious Some people deliberately mirror there clients
55
What is important when observing verbal behaviour?
1. Patterns of selective attention 2. Client key words 3. Abstract and concrete conversation 4. "I" statements and "other" statements
56
What is important to recognise when dealing with concrete or abstract clients
Recognise your own and clients style; match clients style and join them where he/she is Help abstract clients get specific Help concrete clients get abstract and pattern orientated
57
What is the importance of using "I" and "other" statements
Reveal clients view of themselves in relation to others; may be positive or negative; need to achieve balance between internal and external responsibility
58
Why is it important to observe conflict, incongruities and discrepancies
Gives you a deeper understanding of where clients really are; conflict is the "stuff" of counselling and is often where you can help out clients the most
59
What are the different types of discrepancies
Internal conflict to the client: verbal statements, statements & non verbal behaviour, non verbal behaviour: choking, hesitation, stammer Client and the external world: people, interpersonal conflict; differing styles, clients and a situation You and the client: verbal/non verbal messages, ethnic/cultural experiences , gender/age differences, learning/personality styles and approach
60
What are the three major listening skills
Encouraging, paraphrasing and summarising Central to effective counselling - competence in these skills requires practice
61
Why is actively listening to your client important
Every client needs to be heard; makes a difference to the client Advanced intentional competence requires deliberate and repeated practice Learning these skills and mastering them is critical if you want to make a difference
62
What is active listening
Demands that you participate by helping the client clarify, enlarge and enrich the story
63
What is the active listening skills function
Clarify what the client says, feedback what you hear, check for accuracy, help client talk in detail about issues, help overly talkative clients speed up, clarify and stop repeating the same facts/ stories
64
What is the active listening skills function
Client knows that the interviewer; heard what they were saying, saw their point of view, felt their world as they experienced it
65
What is empathy, UPR, and active listening skills
Acceptance of the client, think of accepting the person, rather than what they may come to you with
66
What is important when using active listening skills
Non judgemental attitude, hear and accept what the client is saying, clients may catch small facial expressions that reveal your judgements
67
What is involved in encouraging
Open gestures, minimal verbals, repeat key words from last statement, silence with an appropriate non verbal behaviour
68
What is paraphrasing
Facilitating client exploration and clarification of issues 1. Choose sentence stem 2. Use clients words and main ideas 3. Briefly state essence of client talk 4. Check for accuracy
69
What is summarising
Done over a period of time, attend to clients verbal/non verbal comments, selectively attend to key concepts, restate key concepts to the client accurately
70
What are reflecting feelings
Basic and necessary feature of counselling and psychotherapy Can have practical implications
71
What is central to successful counselling when reflecting feelings
Working with mixed emotions Short and accurate reflections are sometimes helpful Some clients prefer brief reflection of feelings Clients are not always ready to share how they feel
72
When do clients disclose information
Clients will disclose information after rapport and trust has been developed. It is important to develop this relationship
73
What is empathic reflection
It has a confrontational quality; clients will look at themselves in a different perspective; may seem intrusive
74
What is essential with this skill
Timing
75
What is the five stage interview
Empathic relationship, story and strength, goals, re story and actions It is a useful format for clients who are verbal, anxious, and able to resolve their own issues Also helps with resistant clients who want to make their own decisions
76
What is empathic confrontation
Supportive challenge used to help clients note discrepancies and incongruities in their stories
77
What does the challenge include
1. Identify conflict by observing incongruities, discrepancies and mixed messages 2. Point out issues of incongruities and work towards resolution 3. Evaluate the change process by using the client change scale
78
What does focusing your client achieve
Helps client to see issues and concerns in a broader setting; client can begin to expand horizons Connection and interdependence are important and necessary
79
What are community genograms
Places client in connection with family in a cultural context; allows client to notice strengths
80
What is making meaning
All individuals engaged in the process, eliciting and reflecting is a complex skill; full exploration of life requires a self directed, verbal client
81
Why do concrete clients find making meaning useful
Client can see a pattern in their thinking or be as self reflective or directive as required
82
When is the directive approach useful
Useful for those who have difficulty reflecting on themselves
83
What are meanings?
Organised constructs that are the core of our being | Exercises with reflection of meaning; more comprehensive understanding of your client
84
What is interpreting/ reframing
Hearing the clients story, drawing from personal experience or theoretical perspective; provide client with new way of thinking and talking about issue Helping client see the cultural/ environmental context reveals a new perspective- totally new and workable meaning
85
What are concrete action strategies for client change
Skills and strategies belong in the re storying and action phases; powerful tool for change in clients daily life Logical consequences; critical skill in decisional counselling
86
What is skill integration
Model for transcribing and generating own analysis of sessions, opportunity to examine, analyse and note effective behaviours; ability to be intentional and creatively change behaviour to be with the client
87
How can you determine your personal style
Facilitate own evolving theory on practicing counselling and psychotherapy Skills & five stage structure; practical map of multiple approaches
88
What is beginning competence
Taking time to deliberately practice each of the skills | Real mastery requires further study and supervision
89
What is the overall goal of counselling
To use this newly acquired knowledge with clients; access a variety of different styles; provide with alternatives; deliver more effective help - basic listening sequence will become part of your being

Counselling Skills Training (1 decks)

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