Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Speech Science Exam 3 (Final Exam) > Study Blue > Flashcards

Study Blue Flashcards

(91 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the basic dimensions of consonants?

A

Voicing
Place
Manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The brain isn’t looking for ______: it’s a robust system.

A

a single cue to figure out if the sound is a vowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Lisker’s Rule?

A

Each of the distributed acoustic consequences of a gesture has some value as an acoustic cue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Consonants are:

A

Speech sounds characterized by obstruction of the vocal tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stop consonants are characterized by:

A

Closure in the vocal tract that is released rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Articulation of stop consonant: vocal tract closure. Acoustic Correlate: _____________

A

Stop gap - energy drops a lot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Articulation of stop consonant: Release of the closure. Acoustic Correlate: _____________

A

Stop burst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Articulation of stop consonant: Rapid articulatory movements. Acoustic Correlate: _____________

A

Relatively fast formant transitions (mostly F1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Articulation of stop consonant: Rapid opening or closing gesture. Acoustic Correlate: _____________

A

Rapid rise/fall in intensity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Envelope are cues to _____.

A

manner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Perception is: (2 things)

A
  1. Driven by what you expect to hear

2. What really comes up from the periphery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would Siri look for to tell “dot” from “got”?

A
  1. Energy peak in the spectrum in the burst

2. Second formant transitions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the stop burst spectra look like for a labial?

A

Falling - energy falls with frequency; low energy peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the stop burst spectra look like for an alveolar?

A

Rising - energy increases with frequency; high energy peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the stop burst spectra look like for a velar?

A

Narrow (most intense portion is in the middle, narrow concentration of energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The spectrum of a labial burst has most of its energy under:

A

600 Hz, overall down tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The spectrum of the alveolar burst has most of its energy at:

A

3000-4000 Hz, up tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The alveolar F2 is:

A

flat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The labial F2 is:

A

rising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The velar F2 is:

A

falling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Articulators rapid movement =

A

rapid formant transition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Context condition variability:

A

The F2 is a variability; F1 stays approximately the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Context-conditioned cue:

A

how much F2 rises and falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give an example of the complexities of a stop burst:

A

“G” - burst anticipates coarticulation, and it is the reason for complexity
Even though the bursts look the same, we assume them to be different in perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the cues to stop voicing in INITIAL position?
1. VOT 2. Low vs. high starting position of F1 3. Relatively larger vs. small F1 change
26
What does the "O" mean in VOT?
O = voice and burst start at the exact same time | - all languages have "O" in common
27
English is a _____ category language for voicing.
2 categories (voiced, voiceless); other languages do this differently
28
What are the average VOTs for voiced and voiceless initial English consonants?
``` Voiced: /b/ - 1 msec /d/ - 5 msec /g/ - 21 msec (If the VOT is longer than 40 msec - it's perceived as voiceless) Voiceless: /p/ - 58 msec /t/ - 70 msec /k/ - 80 msec ```
29
Typically, if the VOT is longer than about _____, the stop is perceived as voiceless.
40 msec
30
Cues to stop voicing in MEDIAL position:
1. Voicing during closure is the most salient cue 2. Duration of stop gap 3. Length of preceding vowel 4. F1 transition for voiced stop
31
Duration of the stop gap is not ___
The VOT - it's the burst
32
Which sound has a short stop gap in medial position?
Voice
33
As the stop gap gets shorter, the stop starts sounding ____.
Voiced
34
Duration of the stop gaps goes the ______ in final position.
the opposite way
35
What are the cues to stopping voicing in the FINAL position?
1. Voicing during closure (most salient) 2. Duration of stop gap 3. Length of preceding vowel 4. F1 falls for voiced stop
36
Cues to final voiced stop:
1. Voicing during closure 2. Longer preceding vowel 3. F1 falls at the end of the vocalic portion
37
Cues to final voiceless stop:
1. No voicing during closure 2. Short preceding vowel 3. No F1 fall
38
If you do an FFT and nothing is there what does that mean?
It's voiceless!
39
List four manner cues for fricatives:
Aperiodic noise component Duration of noise No silence No burst
40
Difference between /s/ and /sh/:
Higher amplitude and higher peak in /s/ | Peak: 4500-8000 Hz for /s/, 2500, 4500 Hz for /sh/
41
Which phoneme has the highest pitch and energy peak for all of the consonants?
/s/
42
/f/ and /th/ have a relatively:
flat spectrum
43
What are the place cues for fricatives?
1. Relative amplitude of noise | 2. Formant transitions
44
What are the cues for fricatives?
Manner Cues: Noise (hissy bit) Place Cue: major frequency difference Voicing cue: periodic and aperiodic component
45
What are the cues for affricates?
1. Silence 2. Burst 3. Rapid rise time 4. Short stop + fricative
46
What is rise time?
Time from the burst to the highest amplitude in the fricative
47
What is steady state duration?
Length
48
Rise time for affricates vs. fricative:
Fricatives: 76 ms | Fricative portion of an affricate: 33 ms
49
Steady state duration for affricates vs. fricative:
Fricatives: 100 ms Affricates: 48 ms
50
What is the acoustic manner cue for fricatives?
Noise/aperiodic, visual will look like fuzzy stuff
51
What are three place cues for fricatives?
1. Spectral peak 2. Amplitude 3. Formant transitions
52
What is the articulatory difference between fricatives and affricates?
There is a complete stop/closure of vocal tract for fricatives. Spectrally this is a stop gap
53
You can make the /l/ and /r/ sound the same by:
Fiddling with F3 /l/ - has a high, flat F3 /r/ - F3 starts low and rises
54
The acoustic correlate to duration of lip release is:
Duration of formant movement
55
Manner cues for stops, the duration is:
Fast
56
Manner cues for semivowels, the duration is:
Slow
57
Manner cues for labial voiced stops:
30 ms or less
58
Manner cues for semivowels:
100 ms or more
59
What are the cues to nasal manner of articulation?
Characteristic nasal murmur - voiced Low frequency Relatively steady state formants Resonance usually under 300 Hz
60
Steady state formants occur in the nasal because:
Formants do not change in frequency because you're not moving your articulators
61
Nasal formants are usually below:
500 Hz
62
How do you tell nasals apart?
Formant Transitions
63
Malecot (1958) identification of isolated nasal murmur
Stimulus: /m/; responds /m/ 96%, /n/ 4%, /ng/ 0% Stimulus: /n/; responds /m/ 42%, /n/ 56%, /ng/ 2% Stimulus: /ng/; responds /m/ 60%, /n/ 28%, /ng/ 12% NEED FORMANT TRANSITIONS AND RESONANCE TO BE MORE ACCURATE
64
Formant transitions mainly provide _____ cues for articulation.
F2 place
65
How can you tell /s/ from /sh/?
/s/ is around 4kHZ | /sh/ is around 2.5kHZ
66
What are the three things that give information about the time/amplitude domain?
Envelope cues Periodicity cues Fine temporal cues
67
Periodicity cues show:
Fricative, manner and voicing in the envelope
68
Envelope cues:
Segmentation of signal into syllables and phoneme sized units, manner of articulation, strong weak-fricatives, minimal vowel information
69
Fine temporal cues:
Frequency of F1
70
Evidence that: Speech perception is not entirely auditory
Miller, Hise, and Lichen (1951) - sound plus visual equals 15 dB improvement SNR
71
McGurk Effect:
Hear /ba/ See /ga/ Perceive /da/
72
What are the three roles of vision?
1. It directs attention and auditory analysis to the signal rather than the noise. 2. Vision provides segmental info that is redundant to acoustics 3. Vision provides info that complements acoustics
73
What is one of the first features that is lost in noise?
Place of articulation
74
Sumby and Pollack (1954)
1 dB change in SNR = ~5-10% change in intelligibility
75
What does enveme mean?
Envelope Feature
76
What does viseme mean?
Visual Feature
77
You need ____ envemes and ____ visemes for a 95% correct perception.
4 envemes; 6 visemes
78
______ activates primary and secondary _____ blank areas in ______.
Lip movements; auditory; superior temporal cortex
79
Top down effects: Perceptual Restoration
Stimulus "the legislators will meet over the weekend" Operation: remove the /s/ and replace with a cough or low-pass filer Result: you "hear" the /s/
80
What is the cohort activation model?
Lexical retrieval Based on the concept that auditory and visual input to the brain activates a list of word possibilities (Example: dog)
81
Delayed commitment:
Will occur as the signal becomes more and more degraded, and certainty about the phoneme string is reduced Example: nasals
82
What are two temporal processes in word recognition?
1. Left to right activation of cohorts and strategies to delete words in activation lexicon 2. Delay of decision
83
Periodicity
Strong weak syllables is used
84
Most English words have what pattern?
Strong-weak pattern
85
Articulation is in the _____ hemisphere.
Left
86
Recognition occurs in _____ hemisphere.
Both
87
Speech perception involves ____ and ____.
Dorsal and ventral (Duel stream model of activation)
88
Envelop processing is in the _____ hemisphere.
Right
89
Extraction of formant transitions is ______
bilateral
90
What is the success of the modern CI dependent on?
Getting enough information correct to perform top down processing
91
Where do the electrodes lie from a CI?
Scala tympani

Speech Science Exam 3 (Final Exam) (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions