Study boxes Mediastinum and Pericardium

Question 1

Where is superior mediastinum located

Answer 1

posterior to manubrium, anterior to first four thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

trachea deviates to affected side in*

Answer 2

Atelectasis
pneumonectomy
large pleural fibrosis

Question 3

trachea deviates to unaffected side in*

Answer 3

any space occupying conditions
tension pneumothorac
pleural effusions
hemothorax
large masses

Question 4

borders of anterior mediastinum

Answer 4

posterior surface of sternum to anterior surface of pericardial sac

Question 5

contents of anterior mediastm

Answer 5

Fatty tissue
thymus
lymphnodes

Question 6

contents of middle mediastinum

Answer 6

heart
pericardium
main bronchi
great vessels and phrenic nerves

Question 7

location of posterior mediastinum

Answer 7

posterior to pericardial sac and anterior to bodies of T5-T12

Question 8

contents of posterior mediastinum

Answer 8

esophagus
thoracic aorta
azygos venous system 
thoracic duct
vagus nerve
splanchnic nerves

Question 9

location of pericardium

Answer 9

middle mediastinum posterior to sternum and cartilages 2-6

anterior to T5-T8 vertebrae

Question 10

layers of the pericardium

Answer 10

fibrous pericardium- tough
serous pericardium-
- parietal
- visceral

Question 11

Transverse sinus and importance

Answer 11

behind aorta and pulmonary trunk
in front of left atrium and superior vena cava

important for bypass surgeries

Question 12

oblique sinus

Answer 12

between the pulmonary veins and inferior vena cava

Question 13

pericardiocentesis performed where**

Answer 13

1. Parasternal- Left sternal margin ICS 4-5

2. substernal- underneath xyphoid process aiming to left shoulder

Question 14

in substernal pericardiocentesis you want to avoid hitting what?*

Answer 14

internal thoracic artery

Question 15

Heart location with respect to ribs and vertebrae

Answer 15

ribs 3-5

vertebrae T6-T9

Question 16

base of heart is formed by?

Answer 16

LEFT ATRIUM

Question 17

the APEX of heart corresponds to*

Answer 17

Cartilage 6

ICS 5

Question 18

Right and left coronaries are branches of?

Answer 18

Ascending aorta

Question 19

Right atrial branch gives branch to? (of R coronary)

Answer 19

SA node***

Question 20

the right marginal branch is accompanied by which vein?* ( R COR)

Answer 20

Small cardiac vein

Question 21

the posterior inter ventricular artery ( PAD) accompanies which vein (R cor)

Answer 21

middle cardiac

Question 22

Branches of R coronary

Answer 22

R atrial branch
conal branch
Right marginal branch
Posterior inter ventricular artery ( Aka posterior artery descending)

Question 23

Branches of L coronary

Answer 23

Circumflex– gives off Left marginal artery

Anterior inter ventricular artery ( aka Left Anterior descending)

Question 24

the anterior interventricular artery ( LAD) accompanies what vein*

Answer 24

Great cardiac vein

Question 25

R coronary artery supplies***

Answer 25

AV and SA nodes posterior inferior 1/3 of septum right marginal artery supplies RV posterior inter ventricular artery 1/3 RV ND 2/3 LV

Question 26

L coronary artery supplies***

Answer 26

* LV RV anterior 2/3 of septum * AV bundle * LA and LV via circumflex artery * LV via marginal artery

Question 27

Venous blood supply to heart*** Exceptions

Answer 27

All veins of heart drain into coronary sinus EXCEPT anterior cardiac veins ( drain directly into RA) and vena cordae minimal -- mainly into atria too

Question 28

tributaries of coronary sinus

Answer 28

Great cardiac vein middle cardiac vein small cardiac vein oblique cardiac vein

Question 29

what is NOT a tributary of the coronary sinus

Answer 29

the vena cords minimae

Question 30

Location of L recurrent laryngeal nerve WRT to great vessels what angle

Answer 30

Hooks under the Ligamentum arteriosus (LATERAL TO IT) at angle of LOUIS

Question 31

Location of R recurrent laryngeal nerve WRT great vessels

Answer 31

passes under the right subclavian artery